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The report compares a 'Current Path' forecast for Angola with a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario, which integrates 11 sectoral improvements. The Combined scenario projects a dramatic increase in GDP per capita to US$16,023 by 2043 and a significant reduction in extreme poverty, though it also forecasts a substantial increase in carbon emissions due to industrial and demographic growth.

The report projects that Cape Verde will experience significant urbanisation and GDP per capita growth by 2043, though it remains highly dependent on food imports and tourism. While various sectoral interventions—particularly free trade and manufacturing—could further boost GDP and reduce poverty, they are also projected to increase carbon emissions. The Combined Agenda 2063 scenario suggests a potential GDP increase to US$8.7 billion and a reduction of extreme poverty to 3.6% of the population by 2043.

The document examines illicit financial flows (IFFs) in Africa, estimating annual losses between US$50 billion and US$89 billion. It identifies commercial activities, such as Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and trade misinvoicing, as the primary drivers (65%), while criminal activity and corruption account for 35%. These outflows reduce spending on health and education and increase reliance on predatory borrowing. The paper discusses countermeasures including the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF), the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS, and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), while highlighting challenges such as the US's role as a "secrecy jurisdiction" and limited administrative capacity in African nations.

The document provides administrative and licensing details for the EAC Development Futures research, noting that all visualizations, data, and text produced by African Futures are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. It also describes the African Futures & Innovation (AFI) program's goal to use scenarios and forecasting to address the gap in wellbeing indices between Africa and the rest of the world.

The Combined Agenda 2063 scenario, integrating 11 sectoral reforms, is projected to significantly increase COMESA's GDP per capita to US$10,235 by 2043 and nearly eradicate extreme poverty. While driving substantial economic growth, particularly in Malawi and Ethiopia, the scenario is also expected to increase carbon emissions to 380 million metric tons by 2043.

The Combined Agenda 2063 scenario is projected to significantly increase North Africa's GDP per capita and total GDP by 2043, with the most substantial gains driven by free trade under AfCFTA, manufacturing, and leapfrogging. While the scenario predicts a sharp decline in extreme poverty—particularly in Mauritania and Egypt—it also forecasts a 17% increase in carbon emissions compared to the Current Path, primarily driven by Egypt and Algeria.

The report projects that the Combined Agenda 2063 scenario would significantly increase Benin's GDP per capita to US$7,421 and nearly double the overall economy to US$117.2 billion by 2043. While this path would lift an additional 4.6 million people out of extreme poverty and drive structural transformation toward services and manufacturing, it is also projected to increase carbon emissions to 10.1 million tons, necessitating an accelerated energy transition to mitigate environmental degradation.

The report concludes that ECCAS faces deep-rooted structural challenges in agriculture, manufacturing, and electrification that hinder its development. It argues that without aggressive interventions in sectors like renewable energy, infrastructure, and economic diversification, the region will fail to meet its 2043 inclusive development targets.

The document analyzes the relationship between Africa's rapid population growth and its economic development, noting that while the continent's overall economy is projected to grow faster than the global average, high population growth limits gains in GDP per capita. It emphasizes the need for sub-Saharan Africa to achieve a demographic dividend and improve productivity through education and manufacturing to narrow the gap with the global average.

The document describes Africa's physical geography, including its diverse climates and major river systems, and its political structure consisting of 54 sovereign states and the African Union. It highlights the continent's significant economic challenges, noting that it contains the highest proportion of the world's low-income countries, while also detailing its immense linguistic, ethnic, and religious diversity.

The document models the potential for Burundi to achieve significant growth and poverty reduction through a combined policy push across sectors like governance, health, and agriculture. While the 'Combined scenario' predicts a dramatic increase in GDP and a sharp decline in extreme poverty by 2043, it also forecasts a higher increase in carbon emissions compared to the current path.

The report details specific multipliers and targets for Burundi across several development scenarios. Key interventions include improving government effectiveness, reducing child and maternal mortality, increasing vocational training, boosting agricultural yields, and expanding renewable energy and ICT infrastructure. The document compares these projected outcomes against averages for low-income African countries and historical benchmarks from other African nations.

The document models the potential impact of different development paths on Algeria's GDP, poverty levels, and energy landscape by 2043. It finds that a 'Combined scenario'—integrating improvements in governance, education, health, and infrastructure—would significantly increase GDP per capita and reduce extreme poverty and inequality. However, this economic growth is projected to increase carbon emissions. The analysis also highlights Algeria's heavy reliance on gas and oil, while noting its potential for renewable energy development.

The report concludes that Africa's current development trajectory is insufficient to meet Agenda 2063 and SDG goals, with 19.1% of the population projected to remain in extreme poverty by 2043. It argues that a 'Combined scenario' of coordinated reforms—including the full implementation of the AfCFTA, improved governance, and an accelerated energy transition—could lift GDP to nearly US$9 trillion and reduce extreme poverty to 10.9% by 2043. Key recommendations include doubling or tripling annual energy buildout through renewables and regional power pools, and prioritizing industrialization in agro-processing and mineral beneficiation.

The Combined Agenda 2063 scenario for Cape Verde projects significant economic growth, with GDP per capita reaching US$15,663 by 2043 and a substantial reduction in extreme poverty. While the service, manufacturing, and ICT sectors are expected to be the primary drivers of GDP, the scenario also predicts an increase in carbon emissions to 0.47 million tons by 2043, necessitating an accelerated energy transition to mitigate environmental degradation.

The report concludes that while Burundi has made progress in peace and macroeconomic stability since 2000, it remains hindered by political fragility, poor infrastructure, and low agricultural productivity. On its current path, the country is forecast to improve but will likely miss many 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The analysis emphasizes that a coordinated policy push across development sectors, focusing on agricultural modernization, economic diversification into manufacturing, and climate-resilient infrastructure, is necessary to reduce aid dependency and improve citizen prosperity.

The report analyzes Burundi's development prospects, highlighting a 'Current Path' characterized by slow growth, high poverty, and governance challenges. It models eight sectoral scenarios—Governance, Demographics and Health, Education, Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging, Agriculture, Manufacturing, AfCFTA, and Financial Flows—to demonstrate how targeted interventions could improve GDP per capita and reduce extreme poverty. A 'Combined scenario' suggests that an integrated policy push could dramatically increase GDP to US$17.2 billion by 2043 and reduce the extreme poverty rate by 49 percentage points compared to the Current Path, though this would result in higher carbon emissions.

A factsheet detailing a legal challenge in the Western Cape High Court, South Africa, where Aukotowa Fisheries Primary Co-operative, The Green Connection, and Natural Justice are contesting a proposed 3D seismic survey for oil and gas reserves on the grounds of good governance.

The Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) critiques the Draft Revised White Paper for Local Government, arguing that it relies too heavily on technical and managerial solutions for fundamentally political problems. PARI suggests that the proposed shift to a single-tier municipal system is politically unfeasible and warns that removing functions from weaker municipalities could undermine democratic accountability. The submission advocates for a stronger focus on the affordability of basic services, noting that 40% of households cannot afford them, and calls for a revitalisation of democratic social mobilisation to drive genuine reform. It also recommends formalising the role of traditional leadership through democratically responsive compacts and improving municipal communication to rebuild public trust.

The paper examines the UK's Enhanced Trade Partnerships (ETPs), which are non-binding memoranda of understanding that sit between informal commercial meetings (JETCOs) and binding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). While ETPs frequently reference sustainability and can facilitate 'green' trade and regulatory diplomacy, the author argues they primarily serve offensive trade interests and lack the civil society oversight necessary to prevent 'greenwashing'.