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This research paper provides an introductory overview of Tunisia's political and economic trajectory, from its independence in 1956 through the 2010 revolution and subsequent democratic regression starting in 2021.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes a 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Togo, forecasting economic, social, and environmental outcomes by 2043. The scenario integrates 11 sectoral improvements to project significant increases in GDP per capita and poverty reduction, while noting a corresponding increase in carbon emissions compared to a 'Current Path' forecast.

This research paper outlines a series of scenario interventions for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) using the IFs (Integrated Futures System) model. It details specific multipliers and targets across governance, health, education, agriculture, manufacturing, infrastructure, trade (AfCFTA), and financial flows to project development trajectories from 2024 to 2043, culminating in a 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario'.

This research paper presents the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Guinea-Bissau, an integrated forecast combining 11 sectoral scenarios to estimate economic and social outcomes by 2043. The scenario projects significant increases in GDP per capita and overall economic size, alongside a reduction in extreme poverty, though it also forecasts a substantial increase in carbon emissions compared to a 'Current Path' forecast.

This research paper analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Liberia, forecasting the economic and social impacts of integrating 11 sectoral policy interventions by 2043. The scenario predicts significant growth in GDP per capita, a substantial reduction in extreme poverty, and a shift in the economy's sectoral composition, though it also forecasts an increase in carbon emissions due to heightened economic activity.

An introductory report on Malawi's development trajectory, detailing its long-term vision for industrialization, current socio-economic challenges, and severe fiscal pressures exacerbated by climatic shocks and the loss of international funding.

This report analyzes the projected impacts of a specific 'Agriculture scenario' for Africa by 2043, comparing it against a 'Current Path' forecast. The scenario envisions a significant increase in agricultural production, reduced food import dependence, and substantial poverty reduction, though it notes that these gains depend on technological adoption and climate factors.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the decline of Zimbabwe's agricultural sector resulting from land redistribution programmes and policy failures between 1992 and 2020.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explains the mechanisms of El Niño, its interaction with climate change, and its global socio-economic and environmental impacts. It highlights a 61% chance of an El Niño event emerging between May and July 2026, noting that human-caused warming is likely increasing the frequency and severity of such events, while simultaneously making them harder to predict.

This research paper examines how slavery, imperialism, and colonialism fundamentally altered African agriculture by depleting the productive labour force, displacing indigenous crops with export commodities, and establishing land tenure systems that favoured European settlers and firms.

This research paper examines how climate change exacerbates gender inequalities in Africa, detailing how women's social roles and limited resource access increase their vulnerability across six key impact areas, including health, food security, and gender-based violence.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the barriers to agricultural transformation in Africa, focusing on the critical link between formal land ownership, access to credit, and food security.

This report evaluates the agriculture and forestry standards of the African Organization for Standardisation (ARSO) against the requirements of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). It identifies strengths in ARSO's governance and traceability frameworks while highlighting critical gaps in geolocation data, forest conversion rules, and transparency that must be addressed to protect African exporters' market access to the EU.

This technical appendix details the econometric modeling and robustness checks used to estimate the impact of climate extremes on farmgate lamb prices in Great Britain from January 2019 to February 2026. The analysis employs a rolling-window ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to demonstrate that both short-term drought and long-term wet conditions drive price increases through a grass-fed supply chain mechanism.

This guide by RMI explains the climate and health impacts of methane, its primary sources, and strategies for reduction. It highlights the role of data and international agreements in curbing emissions and details RMI's specific tools and initiatives for monitoring and certifying low-methane gas production.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes methane emissions from the Brazilian cattle sector and evaluates strategic pathways for abatement. It identifies diversification away from cattle, sustainable intensification of pasture systems, and direct methane reduction as the primary levers for reducing the sector's significant contribution to Brazil's greenhouse gas profile.

RMI and the Center for Green Market Activation (GMA) are launching a pilot book-and-claim procurement system to reduce Scope 3 emissions in the food supply chain. The initiative allows food and beverage companies to purchase Environmental Attribute Certificates (EACs) to financially support low-emission fertilizer projects, bypassing the fragmented supply chain and providing producers with the revenue certainty needed to scale green ammonia and other low-carbon technologies.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative, in collaboration with ForestAction-Nepal and the Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies, examines the barriers women-led enterprises (WLEs) in Nepal's agriculture and forestry sectors face when accessing climate finance. Based on a survey of 200 WLEs across 40 districts, the document highlights how gender-specific constraints, climate vulnerability, and a lack of formal financial access hinder the scalability of these enterprises.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines how climate change is reducing the quantity and quality of sparkling wine globally. It details the impact of extreme weather on yields and pricing in key regions like France, Spain, and Italy, the chemical changes in grapes that alter flavor profiles, and the risks to agricultural workers. The document also discusses the limitations and costs of adaptation measures, noting that traditional wine-growing regions face a high risk of becoming unsuitable if global temperatures rise by 2°C or more.

This report by RMI examines the environmental impact of synthetic fertilizers and analyzes China's integrated governance framework for reducing fertilizer use and improving efficiency over the last ten years as part of a broader low-carbon transition.