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This research paper provides a background analysis of Rwanda's development trajectory, focusing on its strategic goals under Vision 2050, economic performance, and structural challenges. It details the country's transition from a low-income status toward aspirations of high-income status by 2050, while examining the impact of COVID-19, inflation, and the prevalence of the informal sector.

This guide provides a decision-support tool for public finance providers to assess the quality of adaptation finance across project, market, and system levels. It defines high-quality adaptation finance as capital deployed efficiently to deliver resilience while moving solutions toward commercial viability or sustaining necessary public services. The tool uses a three-stage qualitative framework—Initial, Progressing, and Transformative—to diagnose strengths and gaps in interventions across grants, debt, equity, and risk transfer tools.

This landscape study by FSD Africa provides a comprehensive assessment of the asset management industry and pension systems across 54 African countries. It identifies a general trend of conservative investment strategies, uneven regulatory oversight, and significant gaps in coverage for informal workers and women. The report recommends a shift toward risk-based supervision, the expansion of micro-pensions, and the development of national ESG taxonomies to mobilize domestic capital for sustainable economic growth.

This working paper examines the tension between quantitative 'precisionism' and qualitative 'groundtruthing' in climate-risk mapping within the global South, proposing a framework called 'epistemic diplomacy' to integrate both evidence types for more equitable and effective policy interventions.

This research paper examines the perceptions and access constraints of users of climate information tools, based on a survey of 343 participants across five European countries.

This report by Transforma analyzes 'greenhushing'—the practice of minimizing or silencing climate achievements to avoid scrutiny—within the Colombian financial sector. Based on interviews with five issuers and two investors, the document identifies key drivers of this behavior, including fear of scrutiny over imperfect data, the desire to protect competitive advantages, and high market expectations for quantitative metrics. It concludes that while greenhushing is less prevalent in Colombia than globally due to a lack of climate litigation and progressive regulation, technical gaps and a preference for perfection over transparency still hinder climate disclosure.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines recommendations for developing financial instruments for climate adaptation, drawing on a decade of experience from The Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance (The Lab), which has supported 78 instruments and mobilized over $1.2 billion for adaptation projects.

This legal memorandum analyzes the potential for company directors in South Africa to be held personally liable for failing to address, disclose, and prepare for climate-related financial risks. It examines the intersection of the Companies Act 71 of 2008, common law, the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), and the recently enacted Climate Change Act 22 of 2024, arguing that climate risk is a material financial risk that falls under existing directors' duties of care, skill, and fiduciary loyalty.

This executive summary outlines pathways to increase private investment in natural infrastructure within the Canadian Prairies to address a growing water-related infrastructure funding gap.

This fact sheet provides a comprehensive tracker of U.S. Congressional hearings held between January and April 2024 that pertain to climate, environmental, and energy issues. It lists hearings by House and Senate committees, detailing the dates and specific topics addressed, ranging from budget requests for federal agencies to specific policy debates on LNG exports and nuclear energy.

A statement by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that twelve major insurers, termed the 'Dirty Dozen', are restricting homeowners insurance in California due to climate risks while simultaneously profiting from fossil fuel investments and underwriting.

This training manual, developed by the Ministry of Planning and Development (MoPD) of Ethiopia with support from the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), provides a comprehensive guide for facilitators to integrate Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) into the design and implementation of national development and climate change initiatives. It outlines a structured eight-session training module covering basic GESI concepts, gender analysis tools, gender-responsive budgeting, and organizational transformation, with a specific focus on the intersection of gender and climate change resilience.

This feasibility study by FSD Africa explores a mechanism to transfer non-sovereign asset portfolios from Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to domestic institutional investors in Africa using a local currency solution. The goal is to free up MDB capital for new investments while deepening local capital markets and reducing foreign exchange risks for borrowers. The study focuses on seven markets in East and West Africa and proposes the creation of a permanent investment vehicle (SPV) managed by a professional Fund Manager to facilitate these transfers.

This report by Ember analyzes the underreporting of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, finding that global emissions may be up to twice as high as government figures reported to the UNFCCC. It highlights systemic failures in monitoring, noting that 97% of reported emissions rely on general emission factors rather than direct measurement, and recommends mandatory direct monitoring, satellite verification, and international support for low-income countries to mitigate this potent greenhouse gas.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute provides an overview of the evolving landscape of climate risk reporting for financial actors and corporates, with a specific focus on Swedish real estate investors. It details the distinctions between physical, transition, and systemic risks, compares international and EU-specific reporting frameworks, and discusses the shift from single to double materiality approaches in sustainability disclosures.

This report examines the high climate risk faced by rural producers in Brazil's Caatinga biome, highlighting that family farmers—who make up 79% of rural properties—are the most vulnerable. It finds that increased aridity leads to significant productivity losses in corn, beans, and livestock, while also correlating with severe long-term social impacts, including higher infant mortality, school delays, and poverty.

This research paper describes the development and testing of a social vulnerability index for flooding at a sub-municipal level in Sweden, utilizing a combined bottom-up and top-down approach to identify spatial injustices and inform equitable flood risk reduction strategies.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes version 1.0 of the White House Council on Environmental Quality's (CEQ) Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST). While the update identifies more disadvantaged communities than the beta version, the authors argue it fails to account for cumulative burdens—where multiple environmental, health, and socioeconomic stressors overlap—which disproportionately affect communities of color.

The Stakeholder Toolkit, updated in March 2023 by the Forest Declaration Assessment, provides a curated list of frameworks, guides, and initiatives designed to help financial institutions and investors manage deforestation risks and transition to sustainable portfolios.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines transboundary climate risks to Sweden's international trade, arguing that traditional analysis overlooks hidden vulnerabilities in deeper supply chain tiers, specifically regarding inputs from Asia, Africa, and soy production in Brazil.