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Ohio is experiencing an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme precipitation, flooding, heat, and drought, with natural disaster costs reaching $2 to $5 billion in the first half of 2026. These hazards are compounded by aging infrastructure, including high-hazard dams and levees, and a legacy of industrial pollution from Superfund sites. The state's energy grid is under strain from extreme heat and surging demand from over 200 data centers, while state policy continues to favor fossil fuels and obstruct renewable energy development. Key military assets, such as Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, face significant flood and wildfire risks. While Ohio lacks a comprehensive statewide climate governance framework, some progress has been made through municipal adaptation plans and significant support from federal agencies like NOAA, FEMA, and the EPA.

The 2026 floods in Upper Assam, which affected over 500,000 people and caused at least 99 deaths, were driven by high exposure and structural vulnerability rather than climate-driven rainfall increases. Analysis shows the rainfall events had return periods of less than two years and that human-induced warming of 1.4°C did not materially alter their likelihood or intensity. The study highlights that unplanned urbanization, deforestation, and colonial land policies have increased vulnerability, while reliance on rigid embankments has proven insufficient for adaptation.

The document outlines the expected impacts of El Niño across Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting risks such as water shortages in Colombia, agricultural losses in Mexico and Central America, and fisheries disruptions in the South Pacific. It emphasizes that while El Niño is a natural phenomenon, climate change intensifies its effects, leading to more frequent extreme weather events. The guide also lists specific resources, expert contacts, and training programs for journalists covering these issues.

The Canadian Climate Institute warns that Canada's current adaptation efforts are insufficient to meet the rising costs of extreme weather, which include a record $9.1 billion in insurance claims in 2024. The author contends that the National Adaptation Strategy lacks a systematic basis for resource allocation and that critical programs are at risk of expiration or budget cuts. The document advocates for a shift toward targeting the highest risks—such as flooding, wildfire, and extreme heat—and improving coordination with local governments and Indigenous-led adaptation to avoid future economic losses.

The Canadian Climate Institute warns that Canada's National Adaptation Strategy is failing to measurably reduce risks due to insufficient funding and a lack of focus on critical threats like extreme heat, floods, and wildfires. The document highlights the rising financial toll of extreme weather, including a record 9.1 billion dollars in insurance claims in 2024, and argues that every dollar invested in critical adaptation can generate up to 15 dollars in economic benefits. It calls for a shift toward targeted investments in resilient infrastructure, risk mapping, and support for local and Indigenous-led initiatives to prevent future GDP losses that could reach 80 billion dollars annually by mid-century.

The U.S. experienced 12 billion-dollar weather and climate disasters from January to June 2026, causing at least $31.9 billion in damages and 183 fatalities. This period ranks fifth for the most events in the first half of any year since 1980. Severe storms were the dominant disaster type, accounting for eight of the 12 events. Historically, the average number of such disasters per year has risen from three in the 1980s to 20 events annually between 2016 and 2025, with the average time between events shrinking from 82 days to 16 days in the same comparison.

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of floods in Canada, with significant economic losses and public health risks. Over 1.5 million homes are in high-risk areas, and annual flood damage costs could grow three to five times by mid-century. Recommended government actions include restricting development in high-risk zones, enhancing protection infrastructure, and supporting proactive relocation.

Climate change is intensifying flooding in Canada through increased atmospheric moisture and rising sea levels, leading to more frequent extreme precipitation and flash floods. These events cause billions of dollars in damages, with over 1.5 million homes at high risk and significant gaps in insurance coverage. Beyond economic loss, flooding poses severe health risks, including waterborne diseases and long-term psychosocial trauma. The document advocates for government action to limit emissions and implement adaptation strategies such as restricting development in high-risk zones, improving protective infrastructure, and supporting proactive relocation.

The document examines the nexus between climate change and local conflict in the Central African Republic, highlighting how environmental stressors like drought and flooding exacerbate tensions over land and water. Based on consultations in Damara and Landja-Mboko, it argues that current adaptation plans lack systematic integration of the climate-conflict link. It provides detailed recommendations for government ministries, local authorities, and the private sector to promote peace-sensitive adaptation, including securing transhumance corridors, improving land tenure, and diversifying livelihoods for vulnerable groups.

The document is a legal communication submitted by ten Australian citizens alleging that the Australian government's fossil fuel export policies violate their rights to life, privacy, family, home, and culture. It argues that Australia's role as a leading exporter of coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) materially contributes to the climate emergency, causing specific harms to the authors, including extreme heat, bushfires, flooding, and toxic algal blooms. The authors contend that Australia has failed its due diligence obligations under international law and that domestic legal remedies are inadequate, requesting the Committee to declare these actions incompatible with human rights obligations and recommend a phase-out of fossil fuel exports.

Tanzania is a lower-middle-income country in East Africa characterized by steady GDP growth but significant gaps in human development and political stability. While the economy has grown at an average of 6% annually, the country faces persistent poverty and environmental challenges such as deforestation and soil erosion. Politically, the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) maintains dominance, though the 2025 general elections were marked by irregularities, violence, and the suppression of opposition parties, leading to international condemnation and a deepening governance crisis.

The document outlines South Sudan's challenges since its 2011 independence, including persistent political instability, a severe humanitarian crisis, and extreme economic dependence on oil. It highlights the impact of climate variability on agriculture and the country's efforts toward regional integration through the East African Community and the African Union.

A coalition of 70 organizations warns that a 'Super El Niño'—a phenomenon not seen since 1870—will cause extreme rainfall, floods, and droughts in Brazil. The letter criticizes the government's history of reacting only after disasters and its tendency to prioritize economically valued central urban areas over peripheries inhabited by Black, quilombola, and traditional populations. The authors demand transformational climate adaptation that prioritizes racial and gender equity, secure housing over forced removals, and the integration of community-led risk management into federal policy. Specific requests for information and meetings are directed to the Casa Civil, the Ministry of Integration and Regional Development, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and the Ministry of Cities.

An analysis of 76 election leaflets and several party manifestos from the 2026 local and devolved elections in the UK reveals that explicit mentions of 'climate' were very low, particularly in local leaflets. While manifestos from parties like the SNP and Scottish Greens used climate terminology more frequently, most political communication shifted toward 'climate-adjacent' issues. These include energy affordability, fairness framings regarding the energy transition, and hyper-local concerns such as flooding, transport, and the preservation of green spaces. The report notes a breakdown in cross-party consensus on net zero, evidenced by its absence in the Welsh Conservatives' manifesto and anti-renewable messaging from Reform UK.

The document argues that the 2022 Brisbane and 2022/23 Kimberley floods were made more likely and impactful by human-caused climate change, specifically through increased ocean temperatures, more frequent multi-year La Niña events, and higher atmospheric moisture. It concludes that while the frequency of some weather systems may decrease, the intensity of rainfall and flooding is expected to increase, potentially leading to prohibitive costs for protection and insurance in flood-prone zones.

The upper Acre River basin, shared by Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru, faces increasing climate extremes, including more frequent floods and severe droughts, alongside significant deforestation. While regional frameworks like the Amazon Cooperation Treaty exist, the report finds a gap between high-level agreements and local implementation due to differing national legal frameworks and a lack of formal basin committees. The document analyzes recent governance efforts—such as Bolivia's Strategic Water Planning Strategy (EPHIC), Brazil's state-level management, and Peru's progress toward creating a Basin Water Resources Council—and recommends consolidating existing local platforms through voluntary coordination and shared data protocols rather than creating new formal structures.

The document introduces Madagascar as a low-income island nation with high biodiversity and significant vulnerability to extreme weather. It details the country's diverse precipitation patterns, its history of colonial rule and political instability—including a 2009 coup—and its current political landscape under President Andry Rajoelina. The text serves as a foundational context for the 'Current Path' development trajectory forecasts produced by the African Futures & Innovation program.

The document identifies key constraints to Chad's development, including insecurity, overreliance on oil, and climate change. It recommends a multi-sectoral approach involving governance reform, non-oil revenue mobilization, agricultural productivity increases, infrastructure development, human capital strengthening, demographic transition, climate risk management, and economic diversification.

The report projects that Cape Verde will experience significant urbanisation and economic growth by 2043, with GDP per capita rising to US$10,839 under the Current Path. While the country has high human development and political stability, it faces challenges including a high dependency on food imports (90% of food consumed is imported) and vulnerability to climate-induced flooding. The analysis explores several scenarios, finding that 'Free Trade' and 'Manufacturing/Transfers' have the highest potential to increase GDP per capita, while a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario could reduce extreme poverty to 3.6% of the population but would increase carbon emissions to 0.47 million tons by 2043. Energy projections suggest a transition toward renewables, with a goal for them to constitute 50% of total energy production by 2043.

The report details a framework for assessing climate risks to India's power sector, distinguishing between chronic stresses (e.g., temperature, drought) and acute extremes (e.g., floods, cyclones). It introduces the Asset-Specific Climate Risk Factor (ACRF) for spatial screening and Expected Annual Impact (EAI)—measured as Expected Annual Loss (EAL) for generation and Energy Not Served (ENS) for networks—to quantify operational disruptions in MWh. The methodology includes a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework to evaluate the economic viability of resilience measures by comparing investment costs against avoided energy losses and repair expenditures.