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This report provides a systematic review of definitions and frameworks for net-zero, nature-positive, and climate-nature finance, aiming to establish a shared knowledge base for integrated climate and nature finance approaches.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-Rio analyzes the total public cost of rural credit in Brazil between 2023 and 2025. It argues that the actual cost to society is nearly five times higher than the typically reported interest rate subsidies, as it includes tax benefits, public funding sources, and debt renegotiations. The study highlights significant gaps in transparency, low focalization on social and environmental goals, and regulatory asymmetries between different funding sources.

This paper analyzes six case studies of public climate finance to refine the understanding of 'high-quality' interventions. It highlights the challenges posed by inconsistent data and the inevitability of trade-offs across CPI's 10 dimensions of transformational potential. The authors conclude that climate finance quality must be analyzed by distinguishing between the quality of design and delivery versus the quality of results.

This discussion paper analyzes the barriers to adopting climate risk insurance in municipalities within emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), where over 90% of losses remain uninsured. It identifies parametric insurance as a key solution due to its rapid payouts and simpler structure. The paper highlights a significant collaboration gap in the current ecosystem, where few programs engage directly with cities. To address this, it proposes three priority actions: establishing premium support mechanisms, enhancing municipal risk-layering capacity, and reforming regulatory environments to make insurance more affordable and financially viable.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the systemic misalignment between investor capital allocation and the operational realities of African agrifood enterprises. Drawing on data from 23 agribusinesses and 17 climate finance vehicles, the report identifies gaps in geographic distribution, value chain focus, and crop types, arguing that technical assistance (TA) must be applied at both the vehicle and enterprise levels to effectively mobilize capital for climate adaptation and food security.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the role of Vertical Climate and Environment Funds (VCEFs) in mobilizing private climate investment for emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It identifies three strategic opportunities for VCEFs to increase their catalytic impact: implementing sequential financing to support projects from ideation to scale, increasing collaboration with the public development bank (PDB) ecosystem to reach local beneficiaries, and aligning funding with country-driven investment plans. The report emphasizes the need to address the high cost of capital in EMDEs to expand market depth and attract institutional investors.

This guide provides a decision-support tool for public finance providers to assess the quality of adaptation finance across project, market, and system levels. It defines high-quality adaptation finance as capital deployed efficiently to deliver resilience while moving solutions toward commercial viability or sustaining necessary public services. The tool uses a three-stage qualitative framework—Initial, Progressing, and Transformative—to diagnose strengths and gaps in interventions across grants, debt, equity, and risk transfer tools.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the structural misalignment between investment supply (climate finance vehicles) and investment demand (agribusinesses) within African agrifood systems. Drawing on a portfolio of 17 finance vehicles and 23 enterprises, the report identifies how gaps in mandate design, enterprise readiness, and a bias toward cash crops over food crops hinder capital mobilization. It provides six actionable recommendations for donors and technical assistance (TA) providers to improve the conversion of climate-positive agribusinesses into investable pipelines.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-Rio analyzes the strategic role of the Brazilian livestock sector in climate change mitigation, focusing on reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation. It proposes a portfolio of solutions across land use, biological productivity, nutrition, and system management to align productivity gains with environmental sustainability.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the role of Brazilian cattle ranching in climate change, specifically focusing on methane emissions from enteric fermentation. It proposes a portfolio of solutions across land use, biological productivity, feed management, and production systems to increase productivity while reducing the sector's climate footprint. The document also evaluates existing public policies and provides recommendations to align agricultural growth with carbon neutrality goals.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates five alternative project financing models to help Indonesia's state-owned electricity firm, PLN, meet the USD 24 billion investment requirement for its 2025–2034 transmission expansion goals.

The report analyzes five alternative project finance models—leasing, joint ventures, PPPs, InvITs, and CIS-DINFRA—to help Indonesia's state-owned utility PLN fund a USD 24 billion transmission expansion target for 2025–2034. It argues that shifting from corporate to project finance can reduce balance sheet pressure and attract private capital, provided that key policy enablers are implemented, including dedicated transmission fees, off-balance sheet accounting treatment, and government fiscal support.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides 33 recommendations to reorient the Brazilian Harvest Plan (Plano Safra) 2026/2027 toward higher social, environmental, and productive returns. The authors argue that public resources should be prioritized for sustainable, low-carbon agriculture and the most vulnerable producers, while strengthening socio-environmental safeguards to prevent the financing of illegal deforestation and land grabbing.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the financing of sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado, with a specific focus on the Matopiba region. It evaluates the effectiveness of subsidized rural credit and innovative blended finance mechanisms in aligning agricultural production with zero-deforestation and sustainability goals.

This report analyzes how public development banks (PDBs)—including national, regional, and multilateral institutions—can overcome structural and market barriers to expand climate risk insurance in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It emphasizes the role of PDBs as intermediaries that can co-develop insurance products, bundle coverage with loans, and provide technical assistance to strengthen local insurance markets and enhance economic resilience against physical climate hazards.

This report analyzes the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) case ADPF 743 as a study of how judicial decisions can catalyze institutional cooperation and accelerate land governance policies. While originally focused on combating deforestation and fires in the Amazon and Pantanal, the case evolved into a 'structural process' that mandates the integration of environmental, land, and registry databases to improve land administration and environmental control.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-RIO) examines barriers to accessing the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) in Brazil. It identifies significant regional disparities in credit access, particularly favoring the South, and highlights technical assistance (ATER) and cooperative membership as critical determinants for expanding financial inclusion among smallholder farmers.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the landscape of climate finance in Ethiopia from 2019 to 2023. It finds that while climate finance has increased, it remains heavily dependent on international public grants and is significantly below the levels required to meet the country's NDC 3.0 targets, particularly for mitigation and private sector investment.

This guide outlines the methodology and glossary for a tool designed to systematize sustainable credit lines and financial instruments in Brazil, focusing on public programs, constitutional funds, and blended finance initiatives.

The summary of the 12th Meeting of the San Giorgio Group (SGG12), convened by the Climate Policy Initiative in March 2026, outlines a strategic framework to accelerate climate-development alignment. The meeting focused on moving from incremental interventions to systemic transformation by leveraging 'relevance, resilience, and resolve' to scale climate finance and improve country-level delivery.