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The document outlines the expected impacts of El Niño across Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting risks such as water shortages in Colombia, agricultural losses in Mexico and Central America, and fisheries disruptions in the South Pacific. It emphasizes that while El Niño is a natural phenomenon, climate change intensifies its effects, leading to more frequent extreme weather events. The guide also lists specific resources, expert contacts, and training programs for journalists covering these issues.

The meat industry is identified as responsible for two-thirds or more of Australia's annual deforestation of over 700,000 acres. This land clearing, driven by cattle production for export to markets including the US, Japan, and Korea, results in the annual death or displacement of 50 to 100 million native animals and contributes to the degradation of the Great Barrier Reef through erosion and runoff. The author highlights a 'loophole' where Australian beef is often exempt from the conservation policies that companies apply to other regions like the Amazon.

The briefing warns that Pacific SIDS are facing a convergence of geopolitical and climatic crises. The war in Iran is driving up fuel and food prices due to shipping disruptions and import dependence, leading to states of emergency in Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands. This economic strain is expected to be compounded by a strong El Niño in the second half of 2026, which threatens tuna stocks, freshwater access, and agricultural productivity. The document recommends immediate anticipatory action, such as pre-positioning supplies and expanding early warning systems, alongside long-term investments in regenerative agriculture and regional fisheries management.

The document describes El Niño as a natural climate phenomenon characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. It argues that climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme El Niño events, particularly Central-Pacific (CP) events, and complicating their prediction. For 2026, there is a 61% chance of an El Niño emerging between May and July, with some models suggesting it could be the strongest in 140 years. The briefing details global teleconnections, noting that El Niño typically causes droughts in southern Africa, Australia, and India, while increasing flood risks in East Africa and the Americas. These shifts significantly impact global agriculture, reducing yields for maize, rice, and wheat while often increasing soybean yields. Regional analysis highlights specific risks, such as increased cholera in East Africa, hydropower reductions at Kariba Dam in Zambia and Zimbabwe, and the Amazon becoming a net carbon source during Eastern-Pacific (EP) events.

The report examines how climate hazards—including sea-level rise, extreme heat, and flooding—threaten Indonesia's military infrastructure, food security, and territorial sovereignty. It highlights the strategic risks of continued coal dependence, such as public health crises and corruption, while positioning the renewable energy transition as a critical national security priority to enhance economic competitiveness and geopolitical stability.

The report provides a comprehensive climate risk profile for Belize, detailing observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on biodiversity and livelihoods, and vulnerability rankings for specific marine and terrestrial communities. It recommends a suite of nature-based solutions (NbS) and gender-responsive strategies to enhance climate resilience in protected areas.

The report provides a comprehensive climate risk profile for Fiji, detailing observed and projected climatic changes, specific hazards such as tropical cyclones and sea-level rise, and their impacts on target communities and ecosystems. It emphasizes the disproportionate vulnerability of women and marginalized groups and recommends specific nature-based solutions (NbS) and gender-responsive measures to enhance climate resilience across six districts: Kubulau, Dawasamu, Nakorotubu, Namalata, Bua, and Bureta.

A marine heatwave has affected the west coast of Australia since September 2024, with over 60% of the analyzed region meeting heatwave criteria by early January 2025. The most affected area is off the northwest coast, where temperature anomalies exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius and some locations remained in a heatwave state for over 120 days. Analysis using the Ocean Climate Shift Index indicates that climate change made these daily ocean surface temperatures at least 20 times more likely on average, with likelihood increasing over 100 times during late November.

The document outlines the critical role of oceans in absorbing heat and carbon, the resulting environmental and socioeconomic crises, and offers strategic advice for journalists to improve the depth and justice-orientation of ocean reporting.

The document outlines the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of ocean warming and acidification, while offering strategic advice for journalists to move beyond reactive coverage toward sustained, justice-oriented reporting on marine ecosystems.

The report analyzes Indonesia's Comprehensive Wealth Index (CWI), which grew by an average of 4.3% annually between 1995 and 2020, driven primarily by human and produced capital. However, real per capita GDP grew more slowly at 2.8%, indicating a declining rate of return on wealth from 6.8% in 1995 to 4.8% in 2020. The study highlights inefficiencies in natural resource management and a lack of investment in renewable energy, suggesting that better asset management could have pushed Indonesia into the World Bank's upper-middle-income category by 2020.

The report details how Hawaii is experiencing accelerating climate crises, specifically through extreme drought, intense tropical storms, sea level rise, and increasing temperatures. It provides comprehensive lists of potential costs for mitigation and adaptation, ranging from water management and wildfire suppression to floodproofing infrastructure and public health interventions.

The Living Planet Report 2024 reveals a 73% average decline in monitored wildlife populations between 1970 and 2020, with freshwater species suffering the most (85%). The report warns that cumulative pressures from habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change are pushing ecosystems toward irreversible tipping points, such as the collapse of the Amazon rainforest or coral reefs. It argues that current national commitments are insufficient to meet the 1.5°C climate goal or the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets. To avoid catastrophic failure, the document calls for a systemic transformation: shifting to nature-positive food production, tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, and redirecting the $7 trillion in annual harmful subsidies toward nature-based solutions.

Analysis using the Climate Shift Index (CSI) reveals that 97% of the U.S. population experienced at least one summer day in 2023 with temperatures made at least twice as likely by climate change. The strongest impacts were concentrated in the U.S. South, Southwest, and Southeast, with San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Victoria, Texas, among the most affected cities. The period was also characterized by record-breaking heat streaks and a record number of billion-dollar weather disasters in the U.S.

Analysis using the Climate Shift Index (CSI) shows that human-caused climate change significantly increased the likelihood of record-shattering heat during the June-August 2023 period. Approximately 48% of the global population experienced at least 30 days where heat was made at least three times more likely by climate change (CSI level 3 or higher). The report highlights a stark inequity in exposure, noting that countries with the lowest historical emissions experienced three to four times more days of very strong climate fingerprints than G20 countries.

Global sea surface temperatures reached unprecedented levels from April to July 2023, driven primarily by human-caused carbon pollution and El Niño. This warming increases the likelihood of rapid intensification in hurricanes and causes severe heat stress for coral reefs, particularly around Florida and the Caribbean. The document highlights that 48% of the global ocean experienced marine heat waves in July 2023, and warns that 70–90% of tropical coral reefs could disappear even if warming is limited to 1.5°C.

The Coral Restoration Programme in Soufriere, Saint Lucia, employs 'coral gardeners' to restore endangered elkhorn and staghorn coral species to combat bleaching caused by warming ocean temperatures. Integrated into Saint Lucia's National Adaptation Plan (2018–2028), the initiative is a partnership between the government, non-profits, and the private sector, including CLEAR Caribbean Ltd and the Department of Fisheries. The programme aims to produce 4,000 coral colonies to protect coastal communities from storm surges and support the tourism and fishing sectors, which are critical to the local economy.

The brief submitted by CIEL and Greenpeace International asserts that anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions constitute marine pollution under UNCLOS. It argues that States have a legal duty to prevent, reduce, and control these emissions to protect and preserve the marine environment, specifically by limiting warming to 1.5°C. The authors contend that this duty requires an immediate halt to new fossil fuel projects, a transition to non-fossil fuel power by mid-century, and the implementation of adaptation measures. The brief emphasizes that ITLOS should interpret UNCLOS harmoniously with international human rights law and the best available science, applying principles such as the precautionary principle, intergenerational equity, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRRC-NC).

Saint Lucia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) is a 10-year participatory process led by the Department of Sustainable Development to build resilience across eight priority sectors. The process integrates various tools, including a Climate Financing Strategy and Private Sector Engagement Strategy, and has reached milestones such as the publication of the first NAP Progress Report in 2022 and Green Climate Fund project approval in 2023.

The UN Human Rights Committee ruled that Australia violated the rights to family, home, and culture of Torres Strait Islanders due to inadequate climate adaptation. The decision establishes a precedent for state responsibility for climate-related 'loss and damage' and mandates that Australia provide compensation and secure the communities' continued existence on their islands.