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The document outlines the drivers of saltwater intrusion, including sea-level rise and groundwater extraction, and details its impacts on agriculture, human health, and ecosystems. It suggests reporting strategies such as using visual tools to identify 'ghost forests' and distinguishing between 'solutions' and 'strategies' for adaptation.

Between 20–22 June 2026, the Gulf of Guinea coast experienced severe flooding following intense rainfall, with over 140 mm falling in less than 24 hours in some areas. The event caused significant fatalities in Côte d’Ivoire (59 since May), Ghana (at least 34), and Togo (five). An attribution study found that observed 3-day rainfall intensity in the region has increased by approximately 23% since records began, making such events about five times more likely in the current climate (1.4°C warmer than pre-industrial levels) than in a cooler climate. While climate models support the trend of increasing precipitation, they systematically underestimate the observed increase, with models showing only a 4% increase in intensity. The study highlights that rapid urbanisation, the expansion of settlements into floodplains, and sea level rise exceeding the global average have compounded flood risks. Under a future warming scenario of 2.8°C, these heavy rainfall events are expected to become common occurrences.

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of floods in Canada, with significant economic losses and public health risks. Over 1.5 million homes are in high-risk areas, and annual flood damage costs could grow three to five times by mid-century. Recommended government actions include restricting development in high-risk zones, enhancing protection infrastructure, and supporting proactive relocation.

Climate change is intensifying flooding in Canada through increased atmospheric moisture and rising sea levels, leading to more frequent extreme precipitation and flash floods. These events cause billions of dollars in damages, with over 1.5 million homes at high risk and significant gaps in insurance coverage. Beyond economic loss, flooding poses severe health risks, including waterborne diseases and long-term psychosocial trauma. The document advocates for government action to limit emissions and implement adaptation strategies such as restricting development in high-risk zones, improving protective infrastructure, and supporting proactive relocation.

The guide explains that climate change acts as a multiplier of existing vulnerabilities, driving both sudden and gradual displacement. It highlights that internal displacement is more common than cross-border migration and notes the lack of international legal recognition for 'climate refugees'.

The report evaluates Senegal's development prospects to 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' forecast with eight sectoral scenarios and a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario. Key findings indicate that while GDP is projected to grow, significant challenges remain in poverty, education, and infrastructure. The most impactful scenarios for improving GDP per capita and reducing extreme poverty are the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), Manufacturing, and Governance scenarios. A combined holistic approach could increase GDP by 86% over the current path and reduce extreme poverty to 3.2% of the population by 2043, though this would be accompanied by a 46.2% increase in carbon emissions compared to the current path.

The authors argue that the upcoming UN General Assembly resolution to operationalize the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on climate change is a critical test of global climate leadership. They assert that the resolution reflects existing legal obligations to prevent climate harm, provide reparations, and ensure a just transition from fossil fuels. While noting resistance from major emitters and oil producers who seek to weaken the text, the authors maintain that the resolution complements existing UNFCCC processes by closing an 'accountability gap' that the treaty regime has failed to address.

The programme aims to transition smallholder farmers in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Samoa to Climate Resilient and Regenerative Agriculture (CRRA) to combat food insecurity caused by erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and intense cyclones. With a total budget of 43,690,709 USD, the initiative focuses on three priority systems: mixed horticulture in Tonga, kava intercropping in Vanuatu, and taro intercropping in Samoa. The strategy employs a 'learning by doing' approach using 90 'Learning Farms' to provide evidence of financial viability, which will then be scaled to 12,510 farmers. Key components include a Farmer Support Programme (FSP) to cover upfront costs, the creation of national CRRA Working Groups for policy reform, and the development of digital agricultural apps and monitoring systems to track soil health and productivity. The project expects to restore 20,730 hectares of land and provide direct adaptation benefits to 50,654 individuals by 2031.

The project addresses the vulnerability of The Bahamas' water sector to hurricanes, storm surges, and sea level rise, which threaten the nation's primary natural freshwater source: shallow groundwater lenses. The proposal outlines a strategy to shift the national water utility, Water and Sewerage Corporation (WSC), away from a costly and financially unsustainable reliance on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination toward the sustainable use of climate-resilient groundwater. This will be achieved through three main outputs: strengthening national water policy and legislation, establishing a national water resources monitoring network and management unit (WRMU) with a decision support system (DSS), and implementing physical infrastructure upgrades across six priority islands. The project aims to benefit 415,000 people, with 215,273 receiving direct infrastructure improvements.

The fact sheet asserts that a small number of fossil fuel corporations are primarily responsible for climate change, having known about the dangers of their products since the 1950s but choosing to mislead the public and lobby against climate action to maintain profits. It highlights that legal action is currently being taken by various US jurisdictions to hold these companies accountable for deceptive practices and climate damages.

The document examines the impact of offshore oil and gas activities in the Wider Caribbean, highlighting the ecological threats to coral reefs and mangroves, the economic vulnerability of fossil-fuel-dependent states, and the legal obligations of states to prevent marine pollution and climate harm.

The document outlines the necessity of social and environmental safeguards in mangrove restoration to prevent ecological disruption and socio-economic harm. It provides a framework of actions based on Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) guidelines, covering areas such as environmental impact assessments, human rights, and gender equality. The brief highlights the Natur’ELLES project in Senegal, which has restored 123 ha of mangroves and 68 ha of continental forest while significantly increasing women's leadership in environmental management committees.

ClientEarth argues that the MSFD has failed to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) by its 2020 deadline and proposes a revision that turns GES into a binding 'obligation of result'. The response calls for clear, quantifiable EU-wide thresholds, the introduction of interim targets, and a strict non-deterioration obligation. It emphasizes the need for policy coherence between the MSFD and the proposed Ocean Act, as well as the alignment of fisheries management and climate obligations with marine protection. Furthermore, it advocates for dedicated funding streams and the introduction of robust compliance mechanisms, including access to justice, dissuasive penalties, and a right to compensation for damages resulting from breaches of the directive.

The report argues that South Africa must elevate the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in its strategic planning, as the region is critical for global climate regulation, food security, and maritime safety. While South Africa is the only African state party to the Antarctic Treaty, its diplomatic engagement has been inconsistent. The document highlights rising risks from climate change, such as sea-level rise threatening African coasts, and geopolitical tensions, including Russia's seismic surveying and the blocking of Marine Protected Areas by China and Russia. It suggests South Africa leverage its non-claimant status and role as a logistical gateway to enhance its influence, while warning that its under-resourced navy may struggle with increasing search and rescue demands from growing Antarctic tourism and rerouted shipping traffic around the Cape of Good Hope.

Saint Lucia's second NAP progress report (2022–2024) documents the transition from planning to implementation across eight priority sectors. While five sectoral plans (water, agriculture, fisheries, resilient ecosystems, and health) are complete, three others (infrastructure, education, and tourism) are being finalized via GCF support. The report highlights achievements in water resource management, climate-resilient agriculture, and blue economy initiatives, while recommending a standardized, simplified monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to address data gaps and staffing constraints.

The document details how climate change disrupts U.S. transportation systems through acute events like hurricanes and chronic stressors like sea level rise. It highlights significant projected costs for asphalt maintenance and railroad delays, the vulnerability of coastal highways and bridges, and the necessity of proactive adaptation, such as using heat-resistant materials and nature-based solutions, to mitigate economic losses.

ClientEarth argues that the proposed Ocean Act must move from 'paper commitments to real practice' by becoming a legally binding Regulation rather than a Directive. The organization advocates for the achievement of 'Good Environmental Status' (GES) under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the overarching objective, which would prioritize environmental thresholds over socio-economic goals. Key recommendations include establishing a legally binding target for 30% of EU seas as effectively managed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by 2030, banning bottom trawling in MPAs, and phasing out harmful fisheries subsidies. ClientEarth also proposes 'Ocean Mainstreaming' to integrate marine protection across all EU sectoral policies and calls for stronger enforcement mechanisms, including access to justice and infringement proceedings, to close the existing implementation gap.

Connecticut is experiencing accelerating climate risks, including more frequent extreme precipitation, rising sea levels, and increasing temperatures. The report details specific historical damages, such as a $300 million storm in August 2024 and $21 million in agricultural losses in July 2023. It projects significant future costs, including $5.3 billion for seawalls by 2040 and a 400% increase in days over 90 in Connecticut by 2050. The document provides comprehensive lists of potential adaptation costs across infrastructure, public health, and individual expenses to mitigate these hazards.

Palau is developing its first stand-alone national adaptation plan (NAP), expected in 2026, to address critical vulnerabilities including sea level rise, coastal erosion, and saltwater intrusion. The process, led by the Office of Climate Change (OCC) and supported by the Green Climate Fund, employs a "whole-of-society approach" across 10 priority sectors. Adaptation strategies combine high-tech monitoring—such as LiDAR and drones—with traditional ecological knowledge and community-led initiatives. Key actions include nature-based coastal protection via mangrove conservation and reforestation, the use of climate-resilient taro varieties in agriculture, and community-organized sea wall repairs in Melekeok State. The framework emphasizes that durable resilience must be rooted in local stewardship and the intergenerational transmission of environmental knowledge.

The report argues that maintaining secure maritime food trade is a US national security imperative, as disruptions to key chokepoints—specifically the Suez Canal, Panama Canal, and Strait of Malacca—can trigger cascading global risks. Using a strategic foresight approach, the authors analyze four scenarios based on the uncertainty of international cooperation and port infrastructure resilience. They find that climate stressors, such as a projected global warming increase of over 2°C by 2040, threaten agricultural productivity and port operability. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by hostile actors, such as Al-Shabaab in Somalia, to weaponize food and destabilize regions. The report recommends that the US incorporate maritime food trade resilience into its National Security Strategy, invest in climate-resilient infrastructure, and revitalize flexible development assistance to prevent the erosion of soft power and protect military supply chains.