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This report by RMI examines the evolving role of the insurance sector in supporting climate resilience, arguing that current civil society expectations for insurers to drive resilience are exceeding the operational realities of insurance markets.

This report by WWF South Africa examines the adoption of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework within the South African corporate and financial sectors. It specifically promotes the LEAP (Locate, Evaluate, Assess, and Prepare) approach as a practical methodology for companies to identify nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities, thereby shifting financial flows toward nature-positive outcomes.

The Financial Sector Guidebook on Nature-Based Solutions Investment provides a roadmap for financial institutions to integrate nature-based solutions (NBS) into their investment strategies to mitigate risks and drive sustainable growth.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) presents 13 proposals to increase the sustainability of Brazil's 2025/2026 Harvest Plan (Plano Safra). The recommendations focus on aligning rural credit and risk management with climate goals, specifically by restricting credit for deforestation, integrating the Brazilian Sustainable Taxonomy, improving pasture recovery monitoring, and expanding credit access for vulnerable small-scale producers.

This research paper explores the relationship between the social vulnerability of populations in the Patagonian steppe of Río Negro province, facing extreme events like drought and volcanic ash fall, and government projects that lack an approach addressing environmental complexity.

This research paper examines how 'riskification' influences climate change adaptation (CCA) in four European cities, arguing that technocratic risk management often depoliticizes climate risks and obstructs transformative societal change.

This policy brief by Zero Carbon Analytics explores the establishment of comprehensive loss and damage facilities at the national level for African countries to address climate-induced economic and non-economic losses. It distinguishes between avoidable, unavoided, and unavoidable risks, proposing a framework that combines risk finance (e.g., insurance, bonds) and curative finance (e.g., trust funds, impact investments) to build resilience and provide compensation.

This case study describes the African Risk Capacity (ARC), a sovereign risk pool and early response mechanism that provides drought insurance to African Union member states to protect food security for vulnerable populations.

This research paper introduces a conceptual framework and nomenclature designed to analyze cross-border climate change impacts, which occur remotely from the initial location of the climate trigger. The framework distinguishes between initial impacts, downstream consequences moving through an 'impact transmission system', and adaptation efforts moving through a 'response transmission system'.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the current state of climate adaptation finance, identifying significant funding gaps and barriers to investment, particularly in developing countries. It proposes a framework for increasing investment by boosting demand for adaptation services, supporting suppliers, and de-risking investments, while urging developing country governments to improve risk assessment and tracking.

This fact sheet examines the role of insurance and alternative risk financing in building financial resilience against climate change. It details the growing 'protection gap'—the difference between total economic losses and insured losses—and explores emerging tools such as catastrophe bonds, microinsurance, and sovereign risk pools designed to manage the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) proposes a risk-based framework for selecting ownership models and finance instruments for clean power investments. The authors argue that minimizing the overall cost of the low-carbon energy transition requires allocating specific investment risks—such as construction, price, and curtailment—to the party (private investors, public entities, or consumers) best placed to manage, understand, and bear them.

This policy brief examines the role of micro-insurance as a climate change adaptation strategy for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), specifically targeting low-income coastal communities in sectors like tourism, fisheries, and agriculture where traditional insurance is often non-existent or inaccessible.

Richard Ottinger, EESI Board Chair Emeritus, proposes that the United States treat climate change mitigation as a form of risk management or an insurance policy to protect against the catastrophic outcomes predicted by 95 percent of climate scientists.

This briefing describes a risk management approach to decision-making in the Caribbean, as outlined in the Implementation Plan (IP) for the Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change. The document emphasizes the need for a transformational change in policy setting to build low-carbon, climate-resilient economies by integrating risk management into national planning and sustainable development goals.

This policy brief describes the development and strategic goals of the Implementation Plan (IP) for 2011-2021, created by the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) to achieve development resilient to climate change across the 15 CARICOM member states.

This briefing explores whether the unprecedented rate of human-induced climate change necessitates new decision-making approaches for policymakers, planners, and investors, weighing the unique challenges of climate risks against existing frameworks used for other long-term environmental or unpredictable threats.

This research paper, prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) for the 2010 World Resources Report, argues that existing government practices can be harnessed to manage the risks and uncertainties of climate change. The authors propose a framework of seven adaptive policy-making practices divided into 'planned adaptability' and 'autonomous adaptability' to help policy-makers navigate complex, unpredictable socio-economic and ecological systems.

This research paper by Diana Liverman identifies the critical types of information required for climate change adaptation decision-making, emphasizing a user-centered approach to information delivery. It argues that effective adaptation requires a combination of basic climate data, economic cost-benefit analyses, vulnerability assessments, and knowledge of best practices, all integrated into an iterative risk management process.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute explores the potential for national governments to partner with the private sector to enhance climate adaptation efforts, leveraging corporate risk management expertise and investment capacity to promote the public good.