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Zimbabwe
This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes Zimbabwe's development trajectory up to 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' (business-as-usual) against eight sectoral scenarios and a 'Combined scenario'. It evaluates the impact of interventions in demographics, health, agriculture, education, manufacturing, infrastructure, AfCFTA integration, financial flows, and governance on economic growth, poverty alleviation, and sustainability.
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Document type: Report
SEYCHELLES DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES
This report analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Seychelles, which integrates 11 sectoral scenarios to forecast economic and social outcomes by 2043. The scenario predicts significant growth in GDP per capita and overall economy size, alongside a reduction in extreme poverty, while highlighting the country's vulnerability to climate change and tourism-related shocks.
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Document type: Report
NAMIBIA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES
This report presents the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Namibia, an integrated forecasting model combining 11 sectoral scenarios to project economic and social outcomes by 2043. The scenario predicts significant growth in GDP per capita and a reduction in extreme poverty, though it also forecasts a substantial increase in carbon emissions.
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Document type: Report
Rwanda Background
This research paper provides a background analysis of Rwanda's development trajectory, focusing on its strategic goals under Vision 2050, economic performance, and structural challenges. It details the country's transition from a low-income status toward aspirations of high-income status by 2050, while examining the impact of COVID-19, inflation, and the prevalence of the informal sector.
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Document type: Research paper
RWANDA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES
This research paper compares a 'Combined scenario'—integrating eight sectoral improvements—against a 'Current Path' forecast and the targets of Rwanda's Vision 2050. The analysis projects significant economic growth, poverty reduction, and health improvements under the Combined scenario, though it notes a trade-off with increased carbon emissions and a failure to meet specific inequality targets.
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Document type: Research paper
The Governance Scenario
This research paper outlines a 'Governance scenario' for Africa, modeling the potential socio-economic impacts of improvements in stability, government capacity, and inclusion by 2043. It specifically examines how digital technology can enable direct cash transfer programs to replace inefficient subsidies and forecasts significant gains in GDP and poverty reduction across the continent.
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Document type: Research paper
AFRICA IN THE WORLD 2043: THEMATIC FUTURES
This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the potential economic and social impacts on Africa by 2050 across four global scenarios: Sustainable World, Growth World, Divided World, and World at War. It identifies the success of integration efforts, such as the AfCFTA, as the primary driver of divergent outcomes, noting that the Sustainable World scenario offers the most significant gains in GDP per capita, poverty reduction, and human development, while the World at War scenario presents the worst outcomes.
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Document type: Research paper
Djibouti: Conclusion
This conclusion from the Djibouti Development Futures report analyzes the country's economic trajectory toward 2043, contrasting a 'Current Path' of steady growth with a 'Combined scenario' of accelerated, multi-sectoral reform. It argues that Djibouti must shift from a capital-intensive, infrastructure-driven model to one focused on productivity, governance, and inclusion to meet its Vision Djibouti 2035 goals.
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Document type: Report
ERITREA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES Combined Agenda 2063 scenario
This research paper analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Eritrea, which integrates 11 sectoral scenarios to forecast economic and social development. The scenario projects significant increases in GDP and reductions in extreme poverty by 2043, driven primarily by free trade and leapfrogging, though it also forecasts a substantial increase in carbon emissions.
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Document type: Research paper
EQUATORIAL GUINEA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES
This report analyzes economic and social development projections for Equatorial Guinea up to 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' forecast with a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario. The latter scenario, which integrates 11 sectoral improvements, predicts significantly higher GDP per capita, a larger overall economy, and a reduction in extreme poverty, though it also forecasts a substantial increase in carbon emissions.
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Document type: Report
Mozambique: SCENARIO COMPARISONS
This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies compares various development scenarios for Mozambique from 2020 to 2043. It evaluates the impact of sectoral interventions—such as agriculture, governance, and infrastructure—on GDP, poverty rates, and life expectancy, while highlighting a 'Combined scenario' that integrates these efforts to accelerate structural economic transformation.
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Document type: Research paper
Kenya Development Futures: Geographic Futures
This research paper conclusion outlines the economic trajectory of Kenya, highlighting its potential for significant GDP growth by 2043 through strategic sectoral interventions and a transition to renewable energy, while identifying critical governance and infrastructure barriers.
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Document type: Research paper
MAURITIUS DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES
This report analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Mauritius, evaluating the cumulative impact of 11 sectoral scenarios on the country's GDP, poverty levels, and economic structure by 2043 compared to a 'Current Path' forecast.
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Document type: Report
Ghana: Conclusion
This research paper concludes that while Ghana achieved middle-income status in 2010, its economic growth has not translated into broad development dividends due to structural weaknesses, high public debt, and corruption. The author argues that by implementing targeted policy reforms in governance, manufacturing, education, and infrastructure, Ghana could potentially increase its GDP to US$365 billion and reduce extreme poverty to 6.3% by 2043.
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Document type: Research paper
Burundi Impact of sectoral scenarios on key indicators
This report analyzes the impact of various sectoral scenarios on Burundi's economy, poverty levels, and carbon emissions from 2019 to 2043. It finds that while all scenarios improve GDP per capita over the 'Current Path', the Agriculture and Governance scenarios are most effective at reducing extreme poverty, whereas the full implementation of the AfCFTA could potentially increase poverty if not supported by complementary domestic policies.
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Document type: Report
ALGERIA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES
This research paper presents economic and social scenario comparisons for Algeria from 2019 to 2043. It evaluates a 'Current Path' against a 'Combined scenario'—which integrates eight sectoral improvements including governance, education, and infrastructure—and individual scenarios such as the AfCFTA. The analysis covers GDP per capita, poverty levels, economic structure, inequality, life expectancy, carbon emissions, and energy production.
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Document type: Research paper
Agriculture
This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the historical structural challenges of African agriculture and models an 'Agriculture scenario' to demonstrate how a transition toward high-productivity, technology-driven farming could reduce food insecurity and poverty by 2043.
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Document type: Report
Impact of the Agriculture Scenario
This report analyzes the projected impacts of a specific 'Agriculture scenario' for Africa by 2043, comparing it against a 'Current Path' forecast. The scenario envisions a significant increase in agricultural production, reduced food import dependence, and substantial poverty reduction, though it notes that these gains depend on technological adoption and climate factors.
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Document type: Report
Manufacturing
This report evaluates the state of industrialisation in Africa, analyzing the causes of stagnation and premature deindustrialisation while modeling a 'Manufacturing scenario' to forecast the potential economic benefits of scaled-up investment in the sector by 2043.
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Document type: Report
The AfCFTA Introduction
This research paper introduces the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) within the context of Africa's struggle to maximize globalization and diversify its exports. It compares a 'business-as-usual' scenario with the potential economic gains of full AfCFTA implementation by 2043, highlighting the continent's current over-reliance on primary goods and its vulnerability to external policies like the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
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Document type: Research paper