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This introductory research paper provides a geographic, political, and environmental overview of Djibouti, detailing its strategic position as a maritime hub, its extreme climate vulnerability, and its administrative structure.

This research paper conclusion outlines the economic trajectory of Kenya, highlighting its potential for significant GDP growth by 2043 through strategic sectoral interventions and a transition to renewable energy, while identifying critical governance and infrastructure barriers.

The Geothermal Risk Transfer Facility is a programme funded by the FCDO (2021-2025) designed to catalyse private investment in African green energy by leveraging local insurance capital to de-risk early-stage geothermal development drilling.

This fact sheet details a USD 900 million green loan issued by Geysers Power Company (GPC) on June 1, 2020, to refinance geothermal plant investments and ongoing expenditures. The loan is certified under the Climate Bonds Standard v2.1 and represents the first geothermal energy certification in the United States.

This case study examines the Olkaria III geothermal power plant in Kenya, the first privately funded and developed geothermal project in Africa. It analyzes how a combination of public sector risk mitigation, phased development, and international development finance enabled a private developer, Ormat Technologies, to successfully deploy a 110 MW binary plant. The document highlights the role of the Kenyan government in reducing exploration and credit risks to attract private capital and provides lessons for scaling geothermal energy in East Africa.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) assesses investment incentives for renewable energy in Indonesia, specifically focusing on geothermal power, hydropower, biomass power, and biofuels. It examines the institutional, regulatory, and financial frameworks intended to attract investment and identifies significant barriers, including inter-ministerial conflict, market distortions caused by fossil fuel subsidies, and a lack of technical capacity among bidders and financial institutions.

This briefing examines the political economy of Climate Compatible Development (CCD) in Kenya, analyzing how political interests, institutional frameworks, and donor influence shape the transition to low-carbon energy. It highlights the tension between national goals for industrial growth and energy security versus the needs of the rural poor and climate mitigation targets.