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The 2019 survey of Fiji's Great Sea Reef (GSR) reveals a system with generally healthy benthic habitats, including a high average hard coral cover of 34%, but severe declines in reef fish abundance and biomass. While shark populations showed an increase, key fisheries families experienced an 80% biomass decline since the early 2000s. Mangrove cover also declined by 3.88 km² between 1996 and 2016. The report emphasizes the urgent need for improved fisheries management and the expansion of protected areas, particularly in the more degraded southern regions near urban centers like Lautoka and Nadi.

The analysis finds no significant evidence that human-caused climate change altered the probability or intensity of the October 2020 heavy rainfall events in Central Vietnam. While observations suggest a 1-in-80 year event, the uncertainty ranges for both observational and model-based data are too large to establish a significant climate change signal. The study concludes that natural variability currently outweighs climate change impacts for multi-day precipitation in the region, emphasizing the need for improved disaster risk reduction measures regardless of climate trends.

The World Food Program (WFP), funded by DFID, provided unconditional cash transfers and food vouchers to over 24,000 vulnerable households in Mozambique following severe droughts (2015-16) and cyclones (2019). The program, implemented with the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Action and the National Institute of Social Action, improved food security and climate resilience, particularly for the poorest households. The document highlights the necessity of vulnerability data and reliable distribution mechanisms for such programs and notes similar safety net initiatives across Sub-Saharan Africa that could integrate adaptation benefits and access climate finance.

The report identifies southern Africa as a climate change 'hotspot' where warming in the interior is occurring at approximately twice the global average rate. It warns that global warming of 3 °C could lead to the collapse of key crops and the livestock sector. Freshwater availability is projected to decline due to reduced rainfall and increased evaporation, while the risk of multi-year droughts and intense heat waves is expected to rise. These changes threaten food security, increase human mortality in urban areas, and place thousands of unique species at risk of premature extinction. The document emphasizes that the severity of these impacts depends on global mitigation efforts, with 'low mitigation futures' posing significantly higher risks than those limiting warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C.

The document outlines a request for GCF support to prepare a project that will improve water security for rural communities in Vanuatu. It details a plan to enhance community-based planning through Drinking Water Safety and Security Plans (DWSSPs), develop climate-resilient water infrastructure, and strengthen national and provincial institutional capacities. The preparation phase includes technical studies, feasibility assessments, and gender and environmental impact studies to justify a total indicative project cost of USD 18,777,930.

The conflict in Cabo Delgado is driven by a combination of political marginalisation, economic inequality, and climatic shocks. While the discovery of offshore natural gas promised development, it instead led to forced relocations, inadequate compensation, and unmet employment expectations, which Islamist militants have exploited for recruitment. These grievances are compounded by extreme weather events, including Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, which destroyed infrastructure and increased food insecurity. The document argues that military responses alone are insufficient and calls for inclusive natural resource governance and climate resilience strategies to address the root causes of the insurgency.

The document examines the impacts of Cyclone Idai, Tropical Storm Chalane, and Cyclone Eloise on Mozambique, specifically the city of Beira. It analyzes the role of green and grey infrastructure in disaster mitigation, evaluates the 'Building Beira Back Better' (BBBB) strategy, and highlights the critical need for improved early warning systems and sustainable waste management to maintain urban drainage functionality.

The document argues for a shift toward anticipatory governance in SADC to manage 'wicked' problems like climate change and pandemics. It identifies systemic failures in the region's response to COVID-19 and cyclones, advocating for a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) based on foresight, networked systems, and feedback loops.

The document highlights the critical role of local governments in achieving Bangladesh's national and international climate commitments, noting that while national policies like the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 exist, they often lack alignment with local realities. It identifies significant gaps in vertical coordination, technical capacity, and dedicated climate financing for municipalities. The brief recommends the use of resilience planning tools, the establishment of national knowledge management 'cells', and the inclusion of local governments in national consultation processes to ensure budgets and policies are responsive to on-the-ground urban vulnerabilities.

The text examines the link between climate change and mass migration from Central America's Northern Triangle to the U.S., highlighting how droughts and crop failures drive food insecurity and displacement. It asserts that personal narratives are more effective than data alone in shifting public perception and overcoming climate skepticism. The author calls for the U.S. government to integrate climate change into national security and immigration policies and urges communicators to use human-centric storytelling to justify international climate funding and compassionate treatment of migrants.

The report documents community-led responses to the Covid-19 pandemic and climate risks across the Global South, highlighting the role of social capital, women's leadership, and local innovation in maintaining development progress. It identifies specific grassroots solutions—such as community grain banks, urban kitchen gardens, and village savings groups—and argues for a shift in external support toward flexible, locally-led financing and partnerships that recognise the expertise of community-based organisations.

The document details a series of record-breaking climate events in 2020, including an unprecedented number of billion-dollar disasters in the US, extreme wildfires in California and Colorado, and devastating tropical cyclones in the Philippines and the Bay of Bengal. It highlights that 2020 was on pace to be the second-hottest year on record and notes the acceleration of Arctic sea ice retreat. Experts cited in the text emphasize that these events are driven by human-caused climate change and call for urgent climate action and funding for affected poor populations.

The proposal seeks USD 47.4 million to upgrade National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) from WMO Category 1 to Category 2 across five Pacific island nations. The programme focuses on strengthening observation networks, establishing ocean information services, improving community preparedness through 'last-mile' communication, and introducing Forecast-based Financing (FbF).

The document outlines a project preparation request to address severe climate threats to The Bahamas' water sector, which relies on fragile groundwater lenses. It proposes a three-component strategy: establishing a national water Decision Support System (DSS) for evidence-based planning, strengthening governance through a new national water resources agency and independent regulator, and scaling up infrastructure investments on highly vulnerable islands. The project seeks to mitigate risks from sea-level rise, decreasing rainfall, and intense storms while overcoming public fiscal constraints and data gaps.

The document reports that while the total number of hurricanes is not increasing, the probability of storms reaching major hurricane status (Category 3-5) has risen significantly, particularly in the North Atlantic. It attributes this trend to rising sea surface temperatures and atmospheric warming, which also contribute to heavier rainfall, slower storm speeds, and deeper coastal flooding due to sea level rise.

The report identifies key climate vulnerabilities on Amatuku Islet, highlighting critical issues in water security, coastal stabilization, and income security. It employs a multi-criteria analysis to align local 'lived' experiences with technical 'learned' perspectives, concluding that inadequate household water tank capacity and limited coastal stabilization infrastructure are the highest priorities for national and local adaptation efforts.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extreme warm water events, defined as temperatures above the 90th percentile for at least five consecutive days. These events have increased since the early twentieth century, driven by a 2.3°F (1.3°C) rise in sea surface temperatures over the last 100 years. MHWs cause severe ecological damage, including coral bleaching, kelp forest collapses, and sea bird die-offs, and can disrupt industries through fishery closures. A notable example is "the Blob" in the Pacific Ocean (2013), which lasted 226 days and was 4.5°F (2.5°C) warmer than average.

The paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed gaps in India's environmental governance, noting that while lockdowns temporarily improved air and water quality, the period also saw a rise in industrial disasters and the dilution of environmental impact assessment rules. It highlights the intersection of environmental degradation—such as deforestation and pollution—with increased vulnerability to pandemics and climate-driven extreme weather events. The author concludes that India's economic recovery packages lack long-term environmental vision and calls for the stringent implementation of environmental laws to build socio-ecological resilience.

The briefing analyzes the intersection of climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, economic instability, deteriorating governance, and nuclear-armed geopolitical tensions in South Asia. It argues that these converging risks create non-linear dynamics that could lead to a systemic collapse or 'regime shift,' posing significant spillover risks to the global international system.

Dr. Izidine Pinto, an author for the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, conducted a seminar at Eduardo Mondlane University in Quelimane, Mozambique, in March 2020. He used local examples, such as the impacts on Quirimbas National Park and the Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago, to make global climate science resonate with students. The session included discussions on the consequences of Tropical Cyclone Idai and the temporary improvement of air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic due to reduced industrial and transport activity.