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Sierra Leone's Energy Transition and Green Growth Plan outlines a Low Carbon Development (LCD) scenario to reach 100% electrification and clean cooking access by 2040. The plan emphasizes a shift from fossil fuel dependency—particularly diesel in mining and transport—toward hydropower and solar PV. Key targets include expanding power capacity to 4.5 GW by 2050 and integrating the mining sector into the national grid by 2030. The transition is estimated to require approximately 39 billion USD in total capital investment by 2050, with the transport sector accounting for the largest share. The plan also integrates social objectives, such as the 'Feed Salone' strategy for food security and the Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Act (GEWE) to ensure a just transition for women and youth.

The document outlines how to input process efficiency data in LEAP, detailing the use of percentage efficiency, heat rates, and energy losses. It provides typical values for steam generation and hydropower and specifies the application of these methods to storage and distribution systems.

The 'Renewable Target' variable defines the minimum percentage of fuel requirements that must be met by processes marked as 'Renewable Qualified'. It is used specifically for optimization-based scenarios to implement Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS). Users must manually designate processes as renewable qualified at the process level, noting that while wind, solar, hydro, and biomass are typical candidates, certain hydro and biomass projects may not qualify for an RPS depending on the situation.

Pakistan's NDC 3.0 sets a voluntary target to reduce projected 2035 greenhouse gas emissions by 50%, with 17% achieved unconditionally and 33% conditional on receiving USD 565.7 billion in international climate finance. The plan integrates mitigation across energy, transport, and agriculture with a comprehensive adaptation strategy based on the 2023 National Adaptation Plan. Key priorities include transitioning to a renewable-dominant power mix, expanding electric vehicle adoption, and implementing large-scale nature-based solutions like the Recharge Pakistan programme. The document emphasizes a 'just transition' for the workforce and the integration of gender, disability, and social inclusion (GEDSI) into climate action.

The report outlines a pathway for Lao PDR to reach net zero emissions by 2050, utilizing LEAP and NEMO modelling to compare a Baseline Scenario with a transformative Net Zero Scenario. Key findings highlight the necessity of diversifying the energy mix beyond hydropower, electrifying transport and cooking, and implementing carbon removal technologies. The analysis emphasizes that while hydropower remains dominant, the country must scale up solar, wind, and biomass to ensure resilience against climate-induced droughts. Achieving the target requires significant infrastructure upgrades, including grid modernization and the deployment of direct air capture (DAC) to offset residual industrial and agricultural emissions. The report also addresses critical economic challenges, such as high public debt and currency depreciation, and recommends strengthening regional cooperation through the ASEAN Power Grid and the APAEC framework.

The report examines Ethiopia's water-poverty nexus, highlighting that while the country has significant water resources, service provision for water supply and sanitation remains among the lowest globally. It argues that poverty reduction depends on improving rural water access, expanding small-scale irrigation, and enhancing rainwater harvesting to ensure food security. The document evaluates the Government of Ethiopia's Universal Access Programme (UAP) and the challenges of meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), noting a critical need for better operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure and increased private sector involvement.

The document examines Tanzania's water-poverty nexus, highlighting a significant 'implementation gap' where progressive policies on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and decentralization are hindered by limited institutional and financial capacity. It emphasizes the critical role of rainfed agriculture, which supports the majority of the poor, and the need to integrate 'green water' flows into management strategies. The report also notes severe challenges in sanitation coverage and the conflict between hydropower and irrigation needs in major river basins.

The report analyzes three scenarios—Ordinary Effort, Promoting Sustainability, and Green Growth—to model China's energy demand and carbon emissions through 2020. It finds that while industry will remain the primary energy consumer, aggressive policies in energy efficiency, fuel switching to natural gas, and the expansion of renewables and nuclear power can significantly decouple GDP growth from energy consumption and carbon emissions. Specifically, the Green Growth scenario demonstrates that carbon emissions could increase by only 50% compared to more than doubling under a business-as-usual approach, provided there is substantial investment in clean energy infrastructure and rigorous enforcement of efficiency standards across the industrial, transportation, and building sectors.

The project focuses on the Akagera Basin in Rwanda, addressing the increasing competition for water, energy, and food resources driven by population growth and economic transformation. By utilizing the Stockholm Environment Institute's WEAP and LEAP modelling tools, the initiative aims to identify sustainable development pathways and avoid sector-based plan incompatibilities. Key goals include producing 25 technical reports and policy briefs, engaging over 2,000 stakeholders, and supporting over 15 Nature Based Community Enterprises (NBCEs) to enhance climate resilience in the districts of Bugesera, Kirehe, Ngororero, and Rutsiro.

The policy brief examines how the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) can utilise their renewable energy potential to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. It argues that current grid infrastructure is insufficient and that significant investments in interconnections with Nordic countries—specifically Sweden and Finland—are essential to balance wind power fluctuations and reduce dependency on non-EU energy sources. The analysis compares various production and interconnection scenarios, finding that a 100% renewable target is feasible if the region integrates more deeply with the Nordic Power System (NPS).

The document assesses how constraints on biomass, specific metals, and water resources may impact the transition to a low-carbon economy. It evaluates various scenarios for biomass production, predicts cumulative deficits for metals like indium and tellurium, and examines the water-energy nexus, using a California case study to demonstrate how technology choices can mitigate water stress while reducing emissions.

The fact sheet outlines three scenarios: a Baseline scenario (BAS) where business-as-usual leads to a 98% likelihood of temperatures increasing by more than 2°C; a Basic Energy Access scenario (BEA) that provides basic energy for all while limiting global GHG emissions to 1,300 Gt CO2; and a Shared Development Agenda scenario (SDA) which aims for a more balanced global income distribution with per capita incomes of at least $10,000 for all nations by 2050.

The document identifies critical resource competitions in Zambia, particularly between hydropower and irrigated agriculture for water use during the dry season. It highlights a significant gap in cross-sector strategic planning and recommends integrated quantitative assessments to align conflicting sectoral targets as the country pursues its 2030 economic goals.

The report argues that transitioning from national energy self-sufficiency to an integrated regional power system in Central Asia would enhance energy security, lower electricity production costs, and accelerate decarbonization. Modelling indicates that 'Unlimited transmission' could reduce electricity production emissions intensity by approximately 3% and save 1.4 billion USD in annual costs by 2050 compared to self-sufficiency. The document highlights the potential for Kazakhstan to become a hydrogen hub (primarily via 'blue' hydrogen) and for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to provide baseload hydropower. To achieve this, the report proposes a roadmap integrating technical, political, financial, and organizational considerations.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes the application of an integrated water-energy-food-ecosystems (WEFE) nexus modeling approach (LEAP-WEAP-MACRO) to the Syr Darya River Basin. It argues that integrated modeling provides more realistic results than siloed approaches and demonstrates that international cooperation among Central Asian countries can increase water availability, boost agricultural production, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to business-as-usual scenarios.

The report details the creation of a comprehensive modeling framework for the Syr Darya River Basin, integrating the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) platform, the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) with the Next Energy Modeling system for Optimization (NEMO), and a macroeconomic model (Macro). This integrated approach allows for the simulation of complex interdependencies between water availability, energy production, and economic outcomes across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The study evaluates six thematic narratives—ranging from business-as-usual to regional cooperation and ecosystem restoration—under four climate projections (Historical, Dry, Average, and Wet). Key findings indicate that pursuing isolated national interests increases water stress, while regional cooperation and efficiency policies significantly reduce unmet irrigation demands, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and boost agricultural value added and GDP.

Albania's revised NDC aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20.9% by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. The plan expands its scope to include all IPCC sectors, with significant mitigation efforts focused on energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainable forest management. The document also provides a comprehensive vulnerability assessment and prioritized adaptation measures for the Albanian coast and the AFOLU sector, emphasizing the need for climate-proofing infrastructure and enhancing ecosystem resilience.

Ethiopia's Long-Term Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (2020-2050) establishes a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050. The strategy analyzes four scenarios: Business-as-Usual (BAU), NDC-aligned, Maximum Ambition, and Late Action. It prioritizes decarbonization in energy, transport, agriculture, forestry, waste, and industrial processes (IPPU). Key pillars include expanding renewable energy, electrifying transport, enhancing carbon sinks through reforestation, and modernizing agriculture. The document emphasizes a 'just transition' through a Women and Youth in Green Jobs Program and identifies a significant financing gap, estimating a total investment requirement of USD 154 billion for the NDC-aligned scenario.

The report analyzes the feasibility of decarbonizing Estonia's electricity production, which was 86.39% dependent on oil shale in 2013. Using the LEAP model and multi-criteria analysis, it compares several scenarios, finding that a 'LowCO2' path could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% compared to 1990 levels by 2050. Achieving this requires phasing out oil shale subsidies, investing in grid interconnections with Latvia and Sweden, and significantly increasing support for energy efficiency and distributed renewable generation.

The document details the methodological framework for conducting a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of hydropower development in Vietnam. It outlines scenario development techniques, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for weighting alternatives. The text provides a comprehensive environmental and social baseline for Vietnam, including data on river basins, forest types, and the socio-economic status of ethnic minorities. It specifically analyzes the impacts of hydropower on displaced populations and local communities through the creation of 'Social Impact Coefficients' and adjusted social mitigation costs. Additionally, it presents power demand forecasts and the 'Least Cost Expansion Plan' from Power Development Plan VI, comparing various energy supply scenarios from 2006 to 2025.