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The authors propose a WTO-compatible 'climate club' designed to overcome the free-rider problem of the Paris Climate Agreement by using reciprocal commitments, substantial penalties, and financial incentives to drive global net-zero emissions by 2050.

This research paper introduction from the Institute for Security Studies provides an overview of the current global climate crisis, highlighting record-breaking temperatures in 2024, the increasing frequency of weather-related disasters, and the rising scale of climate-induced displacement. It emphasizes the gap between current policies and the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, while noting the persistent rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

This policy brief argues that the current reliance on a single 100-year metric for greenhouse gas emissions obscures the distinct warming impacts of methane and carbon dioxide. The author advocates for a "multi-basket" approach with separate targets and dual metrics to address both short-term and long-term climate risks, asserting that simultaneous mitigation of both pollutants is essential to meet global temperature targets and reduce climate overshoot.

A case study regarding the 2019 legal action brought by Milieudefensie, six other organizations, and over 17,000 Dutch citizens against Royal Dutch Shell PLC to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions.

This guide by RMI addresses the challenges of urban freight transport in India, highlighting the environmental and economic costs of current systems and the need for performance improvements to accommodate rapid urbanization.

This fact sheet describes the formation and goals of the United States Climate Alliance and other subnational efforts to uphold the 2016 Paris Agreement following the Trump Administration's decision to withdraw the United States from the accord.

This fact sheet describes the role of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in implementing and enforcing minimum energy efficiency standards for appliances and equipment under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975. It details the economic and environmental benefits of these standards, the distinction between mandatory federal standards and voluntary programs like ENERGY STAR, and the impact of regional standards on heating and cooling equipment.

A letter dated March 2, 2016, addressed to New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez, urging the state to prioritize energy efficiency as the most cost-effective strategy for complying with the Clean Power Plan.

A letter from a coalition of energy and environmental organizations to Governor Gregg Abbot of Texas, urging the state to maximize investments in energy efficiency to meet Clean Power Plan goals cost-effectively.

A letter from a coalition of energy and industry organizations to Governor Matt Mead of Wyoming, urging the state to maximize investments in energy efficiency to meet Clean Power Plan goals cost-effectively.

A statement by Friends of the Earth urging President Obama to implement a moratorium on all new offshore oil and gas leasing and drilling on the Outer Continental Shelf to prevent climate disruption and protect marine wildlife.

This case study describes the implementation and impact of the Transoeste Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Rio de Janeiro, which was launched in June 2012 with technical support from EMBARQ.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) critiques the World Bank's 3.75 billion dollar loan to Eskom Holding Limited for the Eskom Investment Support Project in South Africa. The authors argue that the Bank failed to comply with its own Operational Policy 10.04 (OP 10.04) by neglecting to fully quantify and incorporate environmental and social externalities—specifically regarding water scarcity, air quality, and transboundary impacts—into the project's Economic Evaluation, thereby overstating the project's net benefits.

This research paper analyzes the drivers of per capita carbon dioxide emissions across U.S. states, identifying specific socioeconomic and climatic factors that contribute to higher emissions levels.

Friends of the Earth criticizes Chrysler for abandoning its electric vehicle production goals after receiving $15.3 billion in taxpayer-funded bailout money, warning of significant increases in carbon dioxide emissions.

A statement by Norman Dean, Executive Director of Friends of the Earth, regarding the Supreme Court's decision to hear a case on whether the Bush Administration must regulate carbon dioxide emissions under the Clean Air Act.

This 2006 fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) examines technologies and maintenance practices to improve fuel efficiency in passenger vehicles and light trucks, noting a decline in average US fuel economy since 1987.

A February 2002 statement by the Center for International Environmental Law and other organizations calling on U.S. President George W. Bush to attend the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, and to commit to specific environmental actions.

This case study describes the internal conflict faced by The AES Corporation in 1987, as its leadership sought to reconcile a 'least-cost' energy production strategy with a corporate value system prioritizing social responsibility and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

The AES Corporation, an independent power producer, faced a conflict between its 'least-cost' strategy—which relied on coal—and its commitment to social responsibility. To address the projected 15 million tons of carbon emissions from its Thames plant in Connecticut, the company evaluated several offset options, including energy conservation, carbon scrubbing technology, and reforestation in tropical developing countries, while also considering a long-term strategic shift toward natural gas or renewables.