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The report analyzes Guinea's 'Current Path' development trajectory to 2043, concluding that the country is not on track to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights the severe impact of foreign aid withdrawal due to political instability and recommends strategic interventions in governance, economic diversification, agriculture, human capital, and infrastructure to foster inclusive growth.

Malawi is a low-income, landlocked country in Southern Africa facing severe economic and climatic vulnerabilities. Despite a stable democratic governance structure and the long-term 'Malawi Vision 2063' blueprint, the nation struggles with high poverty rates, a heavy reliance on agriculture, and significant fiscal deficits. Recent shocks, including El Niño-induced droughts in 2024 and the 2025 freezing of USAID funds, have exacerbated food insecurity and budgetary pressures.

Gabon is an upper-middle-income country in Central Africa characterized by significant natural resource wealth, particularly in oil and timber. Following a September 2023 coup that ended the Bongo family's long reign, the country is under a transition government led by Brice Oligui Nguema, aiming for elections on 12 April 2025. Despite its high GDP per capita driven by petroleum, Gabon faces persistent development challenges, including high youth unemployment, entrenched inequality, and a lack of economic diversification.

The document identifies key constraints to Chad's development, including insecurity, overreliance on oil, and climate change. It recommends a multi-sectoral approach involving governance reform, non-oil revenue mobilization, agricultural productivity increases, infrastructure development, human capital strengthening, demographic transition, climate risk management, and economic diversification.

The report argues that while Ghana has achieved middle-income status, its economic growth has not translated into broad development dividends due to persistent debt, corruption, and an untransformed agrarian structure. It outlines a path to increase GDP to US$365 billion by 2043 through aggressive export-led manufacturing, governance reforms, and targeted investments in health, education, and climate-smart agriculture. Key recommendations include phasing out fossil fuels in favour of solar and hydro energy, addressing energy sector debt, and implementing constitutional reforms to ensure legislative independence.

The document describes Egypt as a lower-middle-income transcontinental country with a population of over 113 million as of 2023. It details the nation's high population density, where 99% of the population resides on only 5.5% of the land along the Nile river. The text outlines Egypt's political history from the 1952 revolution through the Arab Spring to the current presidency of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, noting a highly centralised administrative structure across 27 governorates. It also mentions the country's struggle with terrorism, specifically citing Islamic extremist groups like Ansar Beit Magdis in Sinai, though it suggests these groups have been defeated.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) possesses vast natural wealth, including the world's largest cobalt production and the second-largest tropical rainforest, yet remains one of Africa's poorest nations. Since independence in 1960, the country has been characterized by political instability, authoritarian rule under Mobutu Sese Seko, and devastating conflicts such as the Great African War. Recent history has seen a transition toward democratic elections, though the administration of President Félix Tshisekedi continues to face challenges regarding economic stability and violence in the eastern region.

The report projects that Cape Verde will experience significant urbanisation and economic growth by 2043, with GDP per capita rising to US$10,839 under the Current Path. While the country has high human development and political stability, it faces challenges including a high dependency on food imports (90% of food consumed is imported) and vulnerability to climate-induced flooding. The analysis explores several scenarios, finding that 'Free Trade' and 'Manufacturing/Transfers' have the highest potential to increase GDP per capita, while a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario could reduce extreme poverty to 3.6% of the population but would increase carbon emissions to 0.47 million tons by 2043. Energy projections suggest a transition toward renewables, with a goal for them to constitute 50% of total energy production by 2043.

The document describes Burkina Faso as a landlocked West African nation facing severe political instability, characterized by six coups and ongoing jihadi violence. It highlights the country's status as the most affected by terrorism globally in 2023, resulting in millions of internally displaced persons and significant disruptions to health and education. Economically, the nation relies on subsistence farming and gold mining, while its geopolitical alignment has shifted toward Russia and the Confederation of Sahel States following its withdrawal from ECOWAS.

The report forecasts Benin's development to 2043, predicting a population increase to 21.2 million and GDP growth to US$66.3 billion under the Current Path. While GDP per capita is expected to rise to US$4,685, absolute poverty is projected to increase to 11 million people. Sectoral scenarios suggest that Free Trade and Leapfrogging have the highest potential for economic growth, while the Combined Agenda 2063 scenario could double the economy to US$117.2 billion but would increase carbon emissions to 10.1 million tons.

The Financial Flows scenario models the impact of aggressive but reasonable increases in inward financial flows to Africa. By 2043, the scenario projects aid increasing to US$113.5 billion, FDI reaching 5.3% of GDP, and net remittances reaching US$121.5 billion. The model also conservatively reduces illicit financial outflows by 13% using outward FDI as a proxy. The report notes that while aid primarily benefits low-income countries, FDI growth would require improved political stability and the implementation of the AfCFTA.

The report projects that sub-Saharan Africa's population will grow to 1.976 billion by 2043, with carbon emissions nearly tripling to 650 million tons under the Current Path. While the Current Path sees GDP per capita reach US$5,996, the 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario—integrating improvements in governance, education, health, and infrastructure—could increase GDP per capita to US$9,798 and drastically reduce extreme poverty to 7.3%. Key sectoral findings include the 'Leapfrogging' scenario's potential to raise electricity access to 81.7% and the 'Free Trade' scenario's role as the most carbon-intensive path, contributing 711 million tons of carbon by 2043.

The document provides administrative and bibliographic information for the Burkina Faso Development Futures research, detailing the open-access nature of the work and the objectives of the African Futures & Innovation (AFI) program at the Institute for Security Studies.

The report forecasts that sub-Saharan Africa's population will grow to 1.962 billion by 2043, with a significant shift toward urbanization. While regional GDP is projected to increase substantially, reaching between US$6.2 trillion and US$6.7 trillion, GDP per capita growth is tempered by rapid population increases. The region is expected to face increasing food insecurity as agricultural demand outstrips production. Energy production is projected to shift toward renewables, yet total carbon emissions are forecast to rise by over 146% by 2043, with Nigeria expected to overtake South Africa as the region's largest emitter.

The report outlines a series of strategic interventions for the East African Community (EAC) to address poverty, inequality, and instability. Key recommendations include investing in climate-resilient WaSH infrastructure, harmonising agricultural and industrial policies, and improving regional security and governance to support a rapidly expanding population.

The report analyzes Angola's economic and social future, highlighting a high risk of increasing extreme poverty and carbon emissions on its current path. While individual sectoral improvements in trade, stability, and manufacturing offer modest gains, a combined 'Agenda 2063' approach is projected to significantly raise GDP per capita and reduce poverty by 2043.

The Demographics and Health Scenario explores the impact of targeted interventions in family planning, disease mortality reduction, water and sanitation (WaSH), and child nutrition across Africa. By 2050, the scenario aims to increase modern contraceptive use to 75% in sub-Saharan Africa and 85% in North Africa, while reducing mortality for the top five disease types in each country by 20 percentage points. It also projects an increase in sub-Saharan African average access to safely managed water and sanitation from 29% in 2025 to 61% by 2050. These health improvements are supported by a projected 5% increase in health spending, totaling an additional US$18.9 billion continentwide.

The East African Community (EAC) is a regional economic community comprising eight member states with a combined 2023 GDP of US$296 billion. While the EAC has established a customs union, common market, and monetary union protocol, its ultimate goal of a political federation has seen progress stall, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and regional instability.

The document concludes that while ECOWAS has made progress, its current path is insufficient to address structural challenges such as insecurity, corruption, and economic dependence on commodities. It argues that without aggressive interventions in governance, security, and economic diversification, the region will fail to meet its 2050 sustainability targets. Key recommendations include operationalising the ECOWAS Standby Force Unit, transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind, and implementing the West African Power Pool white paper to create a regional electricity market.

The report analyzes multiple development scenarios for Burundi, finding that while all scenarios improve GDP per capita over the 'Current Path', the Agriculture and Governance scenarios are most effective at reducing extreme poverty. It highlights a critical risk where the full implementation of the AfCFTA could potentially increase poverty to 75.8% by 2043 if not supported by complementary domestic policies. Environmental trade-offs are noted, as agricultural modernization and trade scenarios are projected to result in the highest carbon emissions by 2043.