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The document is a formal agreement between the IAI and CREA to collaborate on projects involving global change, agro-industry, and natural resources. It outlines the objective of strengthening local and regional capacities to face climate challenges and defines the administrative terms of the partnership, including intellectual property, dispute resolution, and a five-year duration.

The proposal seeks USD 499,695 over 24 months to update Chile's expired 2013-2017 adaptation plan for the forestry, agriculture, and livestock sectors. Implemented by the FAO, the project aims to establish sub-national governance, identify new adaptation measures through a multi-stakeholder process, align the plan with national development policies, develop a private-sector-focused finance strategy, and create a monitoring and evaluation system. The process emphasizes the inclusion of women and Indigenous Peoples, targeting a minimum of 30% participation in workshops.

The document outlines projected climate impacts for Latin America and the Caribbean, including temperature increases of up to 4.5 °C, rising sea levels, and glacier loss. These changes are expected to disrupt water runoff, reduce agricultural and livestock yields, and threaten biodiversity, specifically coral reefs and the Amazon rainforest. The paper concludes that the region faces severe risks to human health, infrastructure, and livelihoods due to the potential for simultaneous and compounding impacts.

The 2015/16 El Niño caused the worst drought in Southern Africa in at least 35 years, leading to widespread food insecurity and agricultural losses. While regional coordination mechanisms like SADC and UN agencies provided frameworks for response, the document finds that national implementation capacity remains low across the region. Even in South Africa, the highest-capacity state, coordination challenges and resource gaps hampered effectiveness. The paper argues for a shift from reactive 'response' to proactive 'prevention' and the scaling of local, science-guided adaptation strategies to improve long-term climate readiness.

The report establishes a business-as-usual (BAU) GHG emissions baseline for Pakistan, projecting total emissions to reach 768 Mt CO2e by 2030. Agriculture is identified as the largest emission source, accounting for over 40% of emissions in 2012. The energy sector is further divided into residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and electricity generation. The analysis highlights significant data gaps in agriculture, LULUCF, and waste sectors, and concludes that GDP growth is the primary driver of future emission levels, with a high-growth scenario potentially increasing 2030 emissions by 36% relative to the reference case.

The report identifies climate change as a significant threat to Tanzania's development due to rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and altered precipitation patterns. While the government has established institutional structures and strategies, the report emphasizes the need for better implementation and integration of climate change into sectoral policies, particularly in water, health, agriculture, and disaster risk reduction.

The report identifies Kenya's vulnerability to climate change, particularly in its arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), driven by water scarcity, dependence on rain-fed agriculture, and poverty. It outlines the establishment of a policy framework including a climate change bill, the National Climate Change Response Strategy, and the National Climate Change Action Plan (2013–2017). While adaptation actions are underway in agriculture, livestock, and water sectors, the report notes a need for increased focus on tourism and infrastructure, as well as improved capacity for county governments to implement adaptation actions under the country's decentralized governance structure.

The report identifies Botswana's high climate vulnerability, particularly regarding water scarcity, and highlights a critical gap in national priority and policy framework to address these threats.

Botswana faces significant climate risks, primarily driven by water scarcity and rising temperatures, which threaten its water, health, agriculture, livestock, and forestry sectors. While the country possesses higher adaptive capacity than its neighbors due to its development status and governance, the government has not yet made climate change a national priority. Consequently, there is a lack of guiding legislation, strategy, and dedicated adaptation funding. Most current adaptation efforts are integrated into larger regional projects rather than national initiatives, and civil society engagement remains limited.

The document reviews Tanzania's climate risks, highlighting a high vulnerability due to reliance on climate-dependent livelihoods and poverty. It evaluates the government's progress in establishing institutional structures and strategies, such as the National Climate Change Strategy (2012), while noting gaps in sectoral policy integration and the need for more targeted funding for priority sectors like forestry and infrastructure.

The report estimates that the cost of inaction regarding climate change in Uganda's agriculture, water, energy, and infrastructure sectors will range between US$273 billion and US$437 billion from 2010 to 2050. These costs are estimated to be 24-46 times greater than the proposed adaptation budget. The study identifies water and energy as the sectors with the highest costs of inaction, while infrastructure is expected to require the most adaptation investment in the long term. Key recommendations include prioritizing the government's Costed Implementation Strategy and mainstreaming climate adaptation into national and district development plans.

The report uses the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool to project that Uganda's total water demand will increase from 408 million cubic meters per year (MCM/y) in 2010 to 3,963 MCM/y by 2050. Under a 'business as usual' scenario, total unmet demand is expected to rise from 3.7 MCM/y to 1,651 MCM/y. The estimated economic cost of these shortages in 2050 is 14,558 billion shillings (US$5.5 billion), though this could be ten times higher if income elasticity is considered. The most significant losses are anticipated in the Lake Victoria, Albert Nile, and Lake Kyoga watersheds. The report also highlights the impact of extreme events, noting that droughts in 2005-06 and 2010-11 caused losses of US$250 million and US$1,174 million, respectively. Proposed adaptation measures, including water harvesting, increased supply for production, and Integrated Water Resources Management, are found to be economically viable, with some generating a 10% rate of return even with minimal reductions in damage.

The document outlines the scale and sources of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, identifying the sector as the second largest global emitter. It highlights the role of methane and nitrous oxide, lists the top emitting countries, and discusses the impact of land-use change and dietary shifts. Finally, it presents the GHG Protocol guidelines as a tool for farms to inventory and reduce their carbon footprint through improved production practices and demand-side changes.

The Kenyan agricultural sector, which accounts for over a fifth of the GDP, is highly sensitive to climate change, facing risks from unpredictable rainfall, droughts, and pests. While the sector is a significant emitter of greenhouse gases—primarily from livestock—the document emphasizes that adaptation to ensure food security and export earnings is the priority. It suggests climate-smart practices such as agroforestry and conservation tillage to build resilience and reduce emissions, while noting that the carbon market currently offers limited financial benefits due to high monitoring costs.

The report establishes a reference case for greenhouse gas emissions in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 1990 to 2030. It identifies agriculture as the largest non-LULUCF emitting sector and notes a significant historical shift where the DRC moved from being a large net carbon sink in 2000 to a small net emitter by 2010. The projections are based on GDP and population growth forecasts, though the report highlights substantial data gaps and uncertainties, particularly in the LULUCF and agriculture sectors.

The report analyzes the climate impact of U.S. beef production, noting that beef cattle and stored manure account for 18 percent of U.S. methane emissions. It argues that while improving forage quality and pasture management can reduce methane emissions by 15 to 30 percent, the overall impact on total U.S. global warming emissions would be less than 0.5 percent. The document compares pasture-raised systems with confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), highlighting that while CAFOs offer faster weight gain and higher feed efficiency, well-managed pastures sequester more carbon. It recommends that the USDA expand research into nutritious pasture crops and provide incentive payments for practices that curb emissions and boost carbon sequestration.

The document outlines systemic failures in the IFC's environmental and social due diligence, highlighting an overreliance on unverified client data and inadequate project categorization. It calls for the explicit integration of international human rights standards, including the right to free, prior and informed consent for indigenous peoples, and a strategic shift away from fossil fuel investments toward renewable energy. The authors also criticize the 'loophole' created by financial intermediaries and demand greater transparency in extractive industry contracts.

The report argues that reducing methane (CH4) emissions is critical for slowing global warming in the next two decades, particularly in the Arctic, due to methane's high warming potential and short atmospheric lifespan. It identifies agriculture, waste management, and energy production as the primary anthropogenic sources and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of various mitigation strategies. While sectors like natural gas and coal mining offer high low-cost reduction potentials, the report highlights significant barriers including inadequate regulation, financial risks, and limitations within the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism. To address these, the document proposes the creation of a Global Methane Fund.

The report finds that potential yields for dry beans, maize, pepper, and tomato in the Cayo District are projected to decline over the 21st century, with maize production potentially falling to just over 25% of 20th-century values. Livestock are expected to face increased thermal stress and reduced natural food availability as grassland biomass decreases. However, the study emphasizes a significant 'yield gap' between potential and actual yields due to poor technological efficiency, suggesting that improving management practices and irrigation could lead to a net increase in actual production despite declining potential yields.

The document outlines a character profile for a 26-year-old married man and father of four who is a livestock herder. The persona is designed to illustrate the intersection of climate impacts, such as recurrent floods, and personal vulnerabilities, including physical impairment from conflict and mental health struggles. The scenario focuses on the challenges of accessing weather forecasts and fodder/water information to manage livestock risks and the potential impact of new information services and credit initiatives for women.