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This factsheet outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options for Pakistan's agriculture sector, which contributed nearly 42 per cent of national GHG emissions in 2012. It identifies twelve potential mitigation options and details five high-priority, cost-effective measures—improving irrigation, reducing methane from rice, implementing agroforestry, improving manure management, and limiting crop burning—that could collectively reduce emissions by 11.83 MtCO2e by 2030.

This factsheet outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options for Pakistan's forestry sector, identifying five high-priority, cost-effective measures to reverse deforestation and increase carbon sequestration. It projects that forestry sector emissions will rise from approximately 10 MtCO2e in 2012 to 15 MtCO2e by 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario, while highlighting the potential for significant reductions through community management, conifer forest preservation, agroforestry, commercial plantations, and reforestation of degraded land.

This fact sheet presents an economic assessment of Uganda's energy sector supply and demand through 2050, utilizing the LEAP model to evaluate climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. It highlights a critical projected deficit in biomass and the financial requirements for transitioning to alternative energy sources and expanding electricity generation.

This fact sheet, based on a report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, outlines the potential climate and financial impacts of fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) and fossil energy taxation across 32 countries by 2030.

This executive summary presents a Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) of Metro Line 1 of the Metro de Bogota Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. The analysis compares traditional benefit-cost ratios with a sustainable BCR (S-BCR) that accounts for environmental, social, and economic externalities, concluding that the MRT system provides substantial monetary benefits and societal value over a project period from 2022 to 2058.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the challenges facing South Africa's electricity sector, specifically the gap between energy planning and grid planning. Using the International Futures (IFs) forecasting model, the author develops three scenarios to 2050—Current Path, Efficient Grid, and Smarter Grid—to demonstrate how integrated planning, operational flexibility, and coherent policies for small-scale embedded generation (SSEG) can improve economic growth and reduce poverty and carbon emissions.

This editorial by Amory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute argues that the perceived inevitability of increased fossil fuel consumption is a flawed assumption. By applying engineering-economic analysis, the authors suggest that a 'least-cost energy strategy' focusing on energy efficiency and renewables can reduce fossil fuel reliance to nearly zero within half a century, effectively mitigating the CO2 problem through economic rationality rather than solely through climatic cost-benefit analyses.

This report, produced by Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), provides a comprehensive analysis of the clean cooking sector in Madagascar. It evaluates current fuel and stove usage, estimates the production potential of various biofuels, and models two transition scenarios toward 2030: a 'base scenario' aligned with national policy and a 'universal access scenario' aligned with SDG7. The analysis highlights the severe health and environmental impacts of traditional cooking and quantifies the financial gaps and social benefits associated with transitioning to modern energy services.

This report outlines a strategic plan for the sustainable energy transition of the Galápagos Islands from 2020 to 2040, aiming for 'Zero Fossil Fuels'. It analyzes demand and supply scenarios across four sectors: residential, commercial/public, land transport, and maritime transport. The study proposes various technological substitutions—such as induction stoves, solar water heaters, electric vehicles, and renewable energy generation (solar, wind, geothermal, and CSP)—to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on imported fuels. It evaluates the cost-benefit of these measures and the impact of existing energy subsidies on the transition's viability.

This report, titled "Low-Carbon Development for Mexico" (MEDEC), provides a comprehensive economic and technical analysis of options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Mexico through 2030. It evaluates 40 specific interventions across five sectors—electric power, oil and gas, energy end-use, transport, and agriculture and forestry—comparing a baseline scenario with a low-carbon alternative. The study finds that Mexico can stabilize its emissions at roughly 2008 levels while maintaining economic growth by implementing cost-effective, often "no-regrets" measures, many of which provide significant co-benefits in public health and energy security.

The Production Gap Report 2023 finds that global governments plan to produce significantly more fossil fuels by 2030 and 2050 than is consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. Despite net-zero pledges, many major producers continue to plan for increases in coal, oil, and gas production, creating a misalignment between production plans and climate goals.

The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has launched an initiative to investigate the cross-sector links between water, energy, and food (the WEF nexus) to support sustainable resource management. The initiative employs a 'nexus toolkit' combining the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system and the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system to provide quantitative assessments and scenario modeling. The program is structured around three themes—governing, understanding, and implementing the nexus—and is being applied through case studies in Myanmar, Zambia, and Colombia to help decision-makers align sector policies and manage resource trade-offs.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the economic trade-offs of low-greenhouse-gas (GHG) consumption strategies in high-income countries, specifically focusing on the potential negative impacts on lower-income countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Using the United Kingdom as a primary example and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model, the authors find that shifting consumption from high-GHG goods to low-GHG services can reduce emissions but may disproportionately harm the GDP of poor exporting nations.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute uses LEAP model scenarios to analyze the decarbonization of China's road transport sector, identifying peaking timelines for emissions and petroleum demand, long-term reduction potentials, and the necessary investment scales to reach carbon neutrality by 2060.

This report by the World Resources Institute (WRI) outlines a strategic pathway for China to achieve deep decarbonization by 2050, focusing on the critical transition period of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025). It argues that adopting a 'Strengthened Ambition Scenario' (SAS) can lead to significant economic and social benefits, including a net social gain of 6.5 trillion yuan in 2050 and the avoidance of 1.89 million premature deaths annually by that year. The report emphasizes the role of key economic regions—the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area—in leading the national transition by peaking emissions early.