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This document introduces a needs-based approach to sustainable cooling, linking it to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and identifying three core cooling needs: food, nutrition and agriculture; health services; and human comfort and safety.

The document highlights that over 3.2 billion people in 52 high-impact countries face cooling access challenges, with 1.05 billion at high risk. It advocates for a shift from equipment-based projections to a needs-based approach covering thermal comfort, food security, and healthcare. The report recommends national action plans, public-private partnerships, and targeted financing for the most vulnerable populations to ensure equitable access to sustainable cooling.

The report analyzes Kenya's efforts to achieve universal energy access through various 'energy safety nets' (ESNs), distinguishing between interventions for physical access (connections) and those for sustainable use (affordability). Key electricity initiatives include the Slum Electrification Project (SEP), the Last Mile Connectivity Project (LMCP), and the Lifeline Tariff. For cooking, it reviews the Mwananchi Gas Project and the Kenya Off-grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP). The study highlights a significant gap in clean cooking access (14%) compared to electrification (64%) and argues that ESNs would be more sustainable if integrated into existing social assistance frameworks like the National Safety Net Programme (NSNP). It recommends a more precise targeting of the lifeline tariff, increased gender mainstreaming, and the adoption of results-based financing to optimize costs and impact.

The report identifies significant energy gaps in Nigeria's healthcare system, where 40% of primary healthcare centres lack electricity, contributing to poor health outcomes. It maps the complex governance structure across federal, state, and local governments and reviews renewable energy policies, such as the National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP). The analysis reveals a heavy reliance on donor-funded EPC models for electrification, with a noted lack of coordination between the energy and health sectors. It highlights the NPHCDA's '1 PHC per ward' plan to revitalize 10,000 facilities with solar power and recommends stronger cross-sectoral collaboration through initiatives like the Coalition for Sustainable Electrification of PHCs.

The report argues that technical and rational arguments for energy efficiency are insufficient on their own and should be paired with emotion-based narratives to drive systemic change. It highlights the 'Lifestyle for Environment' (LiFE) movement launched by India and provides a series of case studies from G20 nations—including India, the USA, Italy, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, and Japan—across the sectors of buildings, industry, and transport. These examples illustrate how leveraging feelings of pride, empowerment, and community responsibility can accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and behaviours.

The report identifies a critical gap in electricity access for health-care facilities in low- and middle-income countries, estimating that nearly 1 billion people are served by facilities with no or unreliable power. It argues that reliable electricity is a fundamental enabler of universal health coverage, essential for life-saving services such as maternal care, immunization, and emergency response. The document provides a comprehensive framework for electrification, emphasizing decentralized renewable energy—particularly solar PV—as a cost-effective and climate-resilient alternative to grid extension. It estimates an urgent investment need of US$ 4.9 billion to bring facilities in 63 assessed countries up to minimal electrification levels. Key recommendations include moving from an 'install and forget' to an 'install and maintain' approach, integrating health and energy sector planning, and utilizing geospatial tools for precise needs assessments.

Ghana is utilizing the SNAP initiative to develop a national plan for mitigating short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), integrating these efforts into its National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda. The Ghana EPA is employing the LEAP-IBC model to calculate emissions and benefits across both energy and non-energy sectors. Key sectoral actions include the potential implementation of Euro-benchmarked emission standards for transport, the distribution of 200,000 solar lanterns to replace kerosene, and a Green Cooling Programme to replace high-GWP HFC air conditioners. To support these goals, the Ministry of Finance has established a climate change unit as the National Designated Authority for the Green Climate Fund.

Mexico has utilized the CCAC SNAP initiative to develop a strategic national plan for reducing short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), specifically black carbon and methane. By leveraging tools like LEAP-IBC and coordinating through the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), Mexico integrated SLCP targets into its 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), aiming for a 51% reduction in black carbon by 2030. Key sectoral actions include mandating EURO VI technology for new buses in Mexico City by 2018 and implementing clean cookstove and waste management projects in coastal wetland communities.

This policy brief, produced to inform the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, outlines a long-term vision for transforming global energy systems to achieve sustainability. It argues that a fundamental shift is necessary to address simultaneous challenges of energy access, climate change, air pollution, and energy security, emphasizing that such a transition is technologically and economically achievable but requires integrated policy frameworks and scaled-up investments.

The CIRCLE ERA-Net project established a Nordic research network to examine local climate adaptation and mitigation through three workshops held in Norway, Sweden, and Finland between 2008 and 2009. The project identified that local adaptive capacity is historically linked to national policy and that adaptation and mitigation are often integrated in local discussions. Findings suggest that while national initiatives are necessary, they are insufficient on their own, and that local capacity in peripheral regions often depends on market-based competitiveness. The project resulted in two joint peer-reviewed articles and a proposal for a follow-up network, NORDCLAD-Net, to further interdisciplinary research and communication on adaptation.

The document introduces the FIRE framework, which consists of six dimensions—fundamental rights and equality, non-discrimination, participation and access to information, governance systems and structures, agency and empowerment, and social norms and context—designed to guide decision-makers in integrating human rights and gender equality into disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate resilience (CR). It argues that social inequality is a key driver of vulnerability and that standard data collection, such as sex-, age- and disability-disaggregated (SADD) data, is insufficient on its own to understand the root causes of risk. The brief provides specific guidance on applying these principles to risk assessments, risk-informed development and land-use planning, and emergency preparedness and response, including early warning, evacuation, and camp management.

This executive summary outlines the energy landscape of Kuwait, highlighting its heavy reliance on oil exports and domestic fossil fuel consumption. It projects energy demand and production through 2035 under a 'business-as-usual' scenario, emphasizing the need for economic diversification, improved energy efficiency in buildings and transport, and a transition toward natural gas and renewable energy to reduce carbon intensity and greenhouse gas emissions.

The document outlines the consultation process for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) program of Estonia's Transport and Mobility Development Plan 2021–2030. It details specific requests from the Environmental Board, Ministry of the Environment, and other bodies to include assessments of climate change impacts (floods and storms), air pollution (PM10 and PM2.5), and the cumulative effects of transport projects. The program was updated to include the Estonian Maritime Strategy, Natura 2000 assessment procedures, and the 'blue network' in its scope, while clarifying that the development plan remains a high-level strategic document rather than a detailed action plan.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute, authored by Mizan R. Khan, examines capacity building for climate change adaptation by analyzing lessons from five other international regime types: development, trade and regional economic integration, environment and natural resources protection, international human rights, and security, cooperation and humanitarian affairs.

The 2021 Production Gap report by the Stockholm Environment Institute finds that global government plans for fossil fuel production in 2030 are more than double what is required to limit warming to 1.5°C. Despite net-zero pledges, most major producers plan to increase or maintain production, and G20 nations have provided more new funding to fossil fuels than clean energy since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The document argues that over 40 percent of the marine environment is already affected by a combination of global stressors, such as ocean warming and acidification, and local stressors, such as overfishing and pollution. It highlights that these stressors often interact synergistically, increasing the vulnerability of specific hotspots like the Arctic and ecosystems like coral reefs. The text emphasizes that while global stressors are driven by CO2 emissions, managing local stressors can buffer ecosystems and increase resilience, necessitating a cross-scale governance approach that integrates local action with global climate policy.

Minutes from a February 2012 seminar in New Delhi, organized by TERI, the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), and DFID, focusing on the challenges of clean cookstove dissemination, consumer choice, and market development in India.

The document evaluates Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), identifying successful practices such as agroforestry, mangrove rehabilitation, and circular farming. It highlights significant policy gaps in water resources and disaster risk management (DRM), alongside barriers including poverty, tenure insecurity, and a preference for 'grey' infrastructure. The study emphasizes the need for cross-sectoral coordination, innovative financing like Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), and the integration of local and indigenous knowledge to scale resilience.

The paper argues that incremental improvements are insufficient to address the unsustainability of current road transport, which is locked into a regime of oil and car dependence. Using a multi-level perspective, the authors identify three 'niches' for radical innovation: novel vehicle/fuel technologies (Niche 1), a shift from product ownership to mobility services (Niche 2), and post-industrial lifestyles that reduce overall travel demand (Niche 3). In Sweden, Niche 1 is seen as reaching a 'take-off' phase, particularly with biofuels and hybrids, supported by a history of niche experiments and targeted policies. In the UK, the transition is slower and more 'technology push' driven, though congestion charging in London is highlighted as a successful intervention. The authors conclude that a sustainable future requires the co-evolution and 'niche-accumulation' of all three pathways, as technology alone cannot solve social issues like congestion or obesity, nor can it fully mitigate climate change without demand reduction.

The paper examines the 'energy-poverty-climate' nexus, arguing that global climate policy must support 'development without carbon' to be equitable and viable. It contends that current climate-economics models often assume pessimistic, low-growth scenarios for the poorest countries, which artificially increases the 'emissions space' available for rich nations and reduces the urgency for their mitigation. The author advocates for a framework of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' where high-income countries bear the financial burden of decarbonizing development in low-income regions to avoid a zero-sum conflict between poverty eradication and the 2°C temperature goal.