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This report provides a systematic review of definitions and frameworks for net-zero, nature-positive, and climate-nature finance, aiming to establish a shared knowledge base for integrated climate and nature finance approaches.

This report outlines a framework for integrating distributed renewable energy (DRE) into India's rural electricity systems to improve reliability and affordability. It advocates for a shift from fragmented, scheme-driven deployments to a coordinated approach centered on 'Village Energy Plans' that align system design with local demand patterns and institutional coordination.

This executive summary provides an updated analysis of the climate strategies of 28 companies operating in the Netherlands, commissioned by Milieudefensie. The report evaluates ambition, target-setting, and transition planning to identify gaps between corporate action and science-based requirements for a 1.5°C pathway.

This guide introduces Corporate Transition Assessments (CTAs) as a forward-looking framework for Indian banks to evaluate the transition readiness, risks, and opportunities of their corporate clients, moving beyond traditional reliance on historical data.

This technical brief outlines a strategic roadmap for Jharkhand's economic transition to align with India's net-zero goals, focusing on diversifying a mining-dependent economy through four high-potential green sectors to mitigate future revenue and employment losses.

The NewClimate Institute provides feedback on the second draft of the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Corporate Net-Zero Standard v2.0 (CNZS v2.0), noting improvements while highlighting remaining gaps in transparency, integrity, and scientific alignment.

The steel industry, responsible for 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, faces a critical need for decarbonization as demand is projected to rise 39% by 2050. While integrated blast furnaces (BF-BOF) dominate production, the report identifies Hydrogen-DRI as the only current net-zero commercial technology, though it struggles with high costs and hydrogen availability. The authors propose a three-pronged innovation strategy: 'Make Less' (circularity and alternative materials), 'Make Better' (retrofitting and improving DRI), and 'Make New' (disruptive low-temperature and modular furnaces). To overcome capital intensity, the report suggests startups target high-margin niche products like high-purity iron and monetize industrial waste streams to gain commercial traction.

This research paper examines Nigeria's natural gas sector and its potential to drive sustainable industrialization across Africa. It analyzes the 'Decade of Gas' (2021-2030) initiative, critical infrastructure projects, and the regulatory reforms needed to transition from a reliance on oil exports to a gas-powered economy that supports regional energy security and manufacturing.

This research paper analyzes clean cooking policies across G20 countries, arguing that the current reliance on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies is financially unsustainable, often fails to reach the poorest populations, and contradicts net-zero goals. The authors advocate for redirecting these subsidies toward electric cooking and renewable energy alternatives to achieve universal access by 2030.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explores how decarbonisation can provide a competitive advantage for Polish businesses by reducing energy costs, improving productivity, and appealing to climate-conscious consumers. It highlights the financial risks associated with Poland's high-carbon energy mix, specifically the costs of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), and suggests that transitioning to renewables and energy efficiency can enhance national GDP and corporate profitability.

This document outlines the methodology used by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) to estimate bottom-up climate finance needs by collecting and standardizing data from Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It distinguishes bottom-up needs—finance required by countries to reach national targets—from top-down needs, which are derived from predictive models to align with a 1.5°C pathway.

A report by Ember analyzing the growth of solar and wind energy in the first half of 2025 and its implications for global fossil fuel demand and the transition to net-zero.

The executive summary of the 2025 Stocktake report by the Net Zero Tracker analyzes the prevalence and integrity of net-zero targets across national, subnational, and corporate entities as of September 2025, noting a rise in total targets despite political headwinds and significant gaps in target robustness.

This research paper examines the intersection of the evolving international trading system and the urgent need to address biodiversity loss, climate change, and sustainable development. It argues that while trade has historically contributed to environmental harm, it can be repurposed as a strategic tool for sustainability through new narratives, inclusive international cooperation, and coherent policy frameworks. The author identifies a shift from traditional trade liberalization toward 'multipurpose' approaches that balance security, resilience, and sustainability, and proposes a policy agenda to reorient trade rules, scale up sustainable technologies, and ensure equitable economic transformation for developing countries.

The report identifies a systemic failure in the financial sector's climate governance chain, noting that despite net-zero pledges, USD 3.7 trillion still flows annually into fossil fuels. It proposes an "impact levers" framework to move financial institutions, regulators, and cooperative initiatives from voluntary commitments to enforceable, Paris-aligned actions.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the economic risks of continued investment in Canadian oil and gas production under various International Energy Agency demand scenarios, suggesting that restricting expansion is the most effective way to mitigate financial risks and leverage economic potential for clean industries.

This report by RMI outlines a whole-system approach to accelerate the adoption of electric two- and four-wheelers in Indonesia to meet government targets for 2030.

This primer introduces the "transition finance nexus," a conceptual framework for the banking sector that illustrates the interconnections between transition pathways, planning, assessment, and finance to support net-zero targets and real-economy decarbonization.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) outlines a strategy for achieving net-zero passenger transportation in Canada. It advocates for a shift away from car-centric infrastructure toward active transport, electrified public transit, and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), supported by high-density urban planning. The document highlights the economic potential of a clean transport sector, including job creation in ZEV manufacturing and reduced household costs, while emphasizing significant public health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution.

This insight brief for public-sector decision makers outlines the necessity of targeted public-sector financial support to overcome barriers to the adoption of zero-emission trucks (ZETs) in India, as private capital remains risk-averse in nascent markets.