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The 2026 Market Intelligence Report by GreenCape outlines investment opportunities in the Western Cape's water and sanitation sector, focusing on private sector participation in infrastructure and water-efficient sanitation solutions (WESS). It highlights a transition toward innovative procurement and financing models driven by declining public grants and regulatory reforms.

This report by RMI examines the potential for integrating electrochemical carbon removal (CDR) technologies into coastal desalination value chains. It identifies synergies between desalination processes—such as the use of brine as a feedstock and shared pumping infrastructure—and the potential for these integrations to mitigate the environmental impacts of brine discharge while contributing to global climate goals.

This research paper chapter discusses sustainable alternatives to traditional water resource management to enhance water security in water-scarce regions. It highlights technologies such as water harvesting, fog harvesting, desalination, and water reuse, while noting the associated energy demands and ecological footprints.

The Water Infrastructure Criteria, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative in January 2021, provide a technical framework for certifying bonds that finance water-related assets. The criteria cover engineered, nature-based, and hybrid infrastructure used for water collection, storage, treatment, distribution, flood protection, and drought resilience. To achieve certification, assets must meet both mitigation requirements (reducing GHG emissions) and adaptation and resilience requirements (demonstrating robustness to climate change).

Taweelah IWP issued a USD785m Sukuk to finance the construction of the world's largest reverse osmosis desalination plant (200 million imperial gallons per day) and a complementary photovoltaic power plant in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The project, scheduled for completion in 2020, supports the UAE's Energy Strategy 2050 goal of reducing power-generation carbon footprints by 70%.

This research paper presents a high-resolution nationwide water supply model calibrated with 2010 data from Israel to determine optimal water extraction and pricing. The study suggests that desalination capacity was overbuilt and that current water economy legislation carries a significant welfare cost.

This progress report by GreenCape examines water availability and quality as constraints on economic development in the Berg Water Management Area (WMA) and specifically Saldanha Bay. It identifies a disconnect between linear municipal planning processes and the actual water demands of proposed industrial projects, suggesting that current growth-percentage-based projections may underestimate short-term needs. The report proposes an integrated systems approach to planning, explores 'smart' water allocation based on economic productivity, and evaluates a Water Exchange Network to reduce freshwater intake through industrial water cascading.

The 2015 GreenCape Market Intelligence Report on the Water Sector provides an analysis of water resource management in South Africa, with a specific focus on the Western Cape. It details the governance framework, current infrastructure projects, and identifies seven key opportunity areas for private sector investment to address water scarcity and security challenges.

The National Water Resource Strategy (NWRS2), published in June 2013 by the Department of Water Affairs, provides a strategic framework for the protection, use, development, conservation, and management of South Africa's water resources over a five-to-ten-year period. The strategy aims to align water management with the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality. It identifies South Africa as a water-stressed country facing challenges such as security of supply, environmental degradation, and resource pollution. The NWRS2 prioritizes equitable water allocation, water conservation and demand management (WCWDM), and the establishment of robust institutional arrangements, including nine Catchment Management Agencies and nine Regional Water Utilities. To implement these goals, the document estimates a total sector investment requirement of R700 billion over ten years.

This policy brief describes the integration of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) and Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) systems to analyze the water-energy-climate nexus. Using a case study in California, the document demonstrates how integrated modeling can quantify the tradeoffs between reducing water imports through desalination and the resulting increases in electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

The Market Intelligent Report by GreenCape provides an overview of the water sector in South Africa, with a specific focus on the Western Cape. It details the regulatory framework, governance structures, and current challenges such as non-revenue water and skills shortages. The report identifies opportunities for the private sector in desalination, water re-use, and infrastructure maintenance, while outlining available municipal grant funding and regional projects like the Berg River Improvement Plan.

This executive summary outlines the energy landscape of Kuwait, highlighting its heavy reliance on oil exports and domestic fossil fuel consumption. It projects energy demand and production through 2035 under a 'business-as-usual' scenario, emphasizing the need for economic diversification, improved energy efficiency in buildings and transport, and a transition toward natural gas and renewable energy to reduce carbon intensity and greenhouse gas emissions.

The Kuwait Energy Outlook, produced by the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) in collaboration with the GSSCPD and UNDP, provides a comprehensive analysis of Kuwait's energy supply and demand trends. It presents a 'Business-as-Usual' (BAU) projection to 2035, highlighting the country's heavy reliance on hydrocarbons, the challenges of under-developed gas reserves, and the slow adoption of renewable energy. The report emphasizes the need for institutional coordination, pricing reform, and improved data collection to transition toward a more sustainable energy future.