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This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre evaluates the economic and environmental benefits of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) within the Integrated Natural Resources Management Programme (INReMP) in Kenya, focusing on water scarcity and sustainable agriculture.

This case study describes the work of Mountain Harvest, an intermediary organization in Uganda that supports 850 smallholder coffee farmers in the Mount Elgon region. The organization utilizes a commercial business model focused on premium, organic, and ethically traded coffee to help farmers bypass commodity pricing and secure higher prices. To combat climate change and seasonality, Mountain Harvest promotes regenerative agriculture and income diversification through additional crops and livestock. The organization also seeks to improve the livelihoods of 'invisible workers,' specifically female hand sorters who often earn less than $1 a day.

This case study examines the process and impact of an economic assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation options in Uganda conducted between 2013 and 2015. The study, supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and owned by the Ministry of Water and Environment, aimed to provide monetary evidence of the 'cost of inaction' to influence high-level policy-makers and secure investment for climate adaptation.

This report provides an economic assessment of climate change impacts in Uganda, analyzing five national sectors and five local case studies. It estimates that the cost of inaction between 2010 and 2050 ranges from US$273 billion to US$437 billion, primarily affecting the water and energy sectors. The study argues that while adaptation costs are high, they are significantly lower than the potential damages, and that economic growth is essential to provide the resources necessary for resilience.

This executive summary presents an economic assessment of climate change impacts in Uganda, detailing the costs of inaction versus adaptation across water, agriculture, energy, and infrastructure sectors. It emphasizes that the cost of inaction is significantly higher than the cost of adaptation and provides specific sectoral priorities and regional case studies to guide the Government of Uganda's policy and investment decisions.

This case study examines the impact of climate change on Arabica coffee production in Uganda's Bududa district. It finds that coffee yields have declined by approximately 66% since 1991 due to poor management and increased climate extremes like droughts and landslides. The report argues that adopting Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)—specifically shade trees, mulching, and trench construction—could significantly improve the internal rate of return (IRR) for farmers, even under future climate projections. While the required investment is high (up to US$4.9 million annually by 2019), the study concludes that the economic benefits of CSA outweigh the costs.

The Ogiek Bio-Cultural Community Protocol (BCP), published by Natural Justice in 2015, is a community-determined document outlining the rights, traditional knowledge, and resource management priorities of the Ogiek people, an indigenous hunter-gatherer group in Kenya. The protocol serves as a tool to safeguard their ancestral lands in the Mau Forest Complex and Mount Elgon, establishing terms for access to their traditional knowledge and the equitable sharing of benefits arising from their resources.

This report analyzes the land-based conflict in the Mount Elgon region of Western Kenya, focusing on the emergence and activities of the Sabaot Land Defence Force (SLDF) militia. It examines how colonial land alienation and failed post-colonial resettlement schemes created deep-seated grievances among the Sabaot community, specifically the Soy and Mosop clans. The document details the escalation of violence, the state's transition from police to military intervention (Operation Okoa Maisha), and the resulting human rights abuses committed by both the militia and the Kenyan army.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the role of ethnic identity and identification documents during periods of violence in Kenya, specifically following disputed elections. It discusses how naming conventions and physical characteristics are used to target individuals despite identity cards not explicitly listing ethnicity, and suggests systemic reforms to national identification and governance to reduce ethnic cleavages.

This briefing note presents an economic assessment of climate change impacts on Uganda's agricultural sector, focusing on food crops, livestock, and export crops up to 2050. It highlights the significant risks posed by extreme weather events and the necessity of immediate adaptation actions.

This briefing note presents an economic assessment of climate change impacts on Arabica coffee production in the Bududa District of the Mount Elgon region in Uganda. It compares 'Business as Usual' (BAU) and 'Climate Smart Agriculture' (CSA) scenarios, concluding that investing in CSA and institutional support is economically viable under both current and projected climate conditions.

This report provides a comprehensive inventory of nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation implemented in Uganda from 2015 to 2026. It analyzes 19 interventions across diverse ecosystems, emphasizing integrated models that combine ecological restoration with livelihood support to address coupled challenges such as food insecurity, water stress, and disaster risk.

This research paper examines the emergence of the Sabaot Land Defence Force (SLDF) in Kenya's Mount Elgon region, analyzing how historical land injustices and systemic grievances led to the militianisation of resource conflicts.