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The report analyzes the systemic gender inequalities in Bangladesh and how they exacerbate women's vulnerability to climate change, specifically salinity intrusion in coastal regions. It proposes a gender-transformative project to provide safe drinking water via Rain Water Harvesting and support climate-resilient livelihoods, such as crab farming and homestead gardening, while addressing structural barriers like land tenure and social norms.

The document highlights the gap between the resources required for African countries to meet their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and the available public finance, arguing that private sector funding is essential. It focuses on financial instruments in Sub-Saharan Africa, including those backed by the UNFCCC and a specific national programme in South Africa, to explore how the public sector can most efficiently incentivise private investment in mitigation and adaptation.

The guidance note outlines the processes for evaluating the climate impact of water infrastructure bonds. It details a Mitigation Assessment to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions against baselines and an Adaptation & Resilience Assessment based on a binary scorecard. The latter evaluates an issuer's Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan across four key areas: water allocation, governance, diagnostic technical assessments (including hydrologic modeling), and the robustness of adaptation strategies. The document emphasizes the use of science-based methodologies, such as the WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol and IPCC climate projections, and provides extensive examples from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to illustrate compliance.

The document details a CNY 1 billion (USD 159 million) green bond issued on March 30, 2018, by Zhuhai Huafa Comprehensive Development Co., Ltd. with a five-year tenor. The proceeds are allocated to a 2-Star certified green commercial building (94%) and an urban wetland park (6%) designed for flood reduction. The Climate Bonds Initiative links the wetland project to China's Sponge Cities Initiative, which targets 80% of cities having sufficient wetlands to absorb 70% of storm water runoff by 2030.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is implementing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to mainstream climate adaptation into development planning and financing. The process, led by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning, Sustainable Development and Information Technology, identifies key climate hazards such as tropical storms, rising sea levels, and rainfall variability. Priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, water, energy, tourism, and infrastructure. Between 2010 and 2014, extreme weather events caused losses exceeding 35 percent of the country's GDP.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) is challenging the South African Minister of Environmental Affairs' decision to uphold the environmental authorisation for the Thabametsi coal-fired power station. Despite a Climate Change Impact Assessment (CCIA) and a peer review by EOH Coastal and Environmental Services identifying 'very high' greenhouse gas emissions and high water scarcity risks, the Minister justified the project based on the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2010. CER argues this reliance on outdated policy is unlawful, ignores South Africa's Paris Agreement commitments, and disregards current electricity surpluses and the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy.

The Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project (AHURP) is a $544 million initiative designed to provide 10,000 energy-efficient, affordable housing units and redevelop 100 hectares of ger areas into eco-districts. The project addresses the vulnerability of rural-urban migrants who have settled in unplanned peri-urban areas due to climate-induced livestock losses (dzuds). By combining GCF grants and concessional loans with ADB financing and private investment, AHURP aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through solar PV and improved building insulation, while increasing urban resilience through climate-proofed infrastructure. The project employs a sector loan modality to drive policy reforms in green banking, building standards, and urban planning.

The report lists the funding pipeline for the Green Climate Fund as of January 12, 2018, divided into public and private sectors. It details various projects across Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and Eastern Europe, covering sectors such as renewable energy, agriculture, and water management. The total pipeline value is reported as 15,088.5M, comprising 4,009.0M in GCF funding and 11,079.5M in co-financing.

The document advocates for 'green urban industrialisation' in Ethiopia, specifically through a corridor approach that connects urban clusters. Using the Kombolcha–Mek’ele corridor as a case study, it suggests that integrating transport, infrastructure, and resource management across administrative boundaries can prevent carbon-intensive development and maximise economic productivity. Key recommendations include identifying catalytic projects in green housing, waste, and water management, improving institutional coordination between federal and regional levels, and aligning local urban plans with national climate strategies.

The document applies a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach to analyze the Cumbaza watershed in Peru, highlighting how deforestation and climate change threaten urban and rural resource security. It quantifies 11 key WEF interactions and projects resource demands through 2050, emphasizing the critical role of forest ecosystem services in maintaining water quality and quantity for the region's growing population.

The 2018 Eastern Caribbean Green Economy Barometer evaluates the transition to a green economy (GE) in the OECS, concluding that progress is "below average." While member governments generally acknowledge the GE concept, the report finds that definitions remain narrow, often lacking focus on equity and inclusion. Key barriers include a lack of structured fiscal policies, the absence of finance ministries in GE dialogues, and a failure to integrate natural capital valuation into national policies. Despite these gaps, the report identifies "green shoots" such as renewable energy commitments in Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Lucia, as well as the Caribbean Regional Oceanscape Project (CROP).

The ALivE tool guides users through a three-phase process: collecting data on livelihoods and ecosystems, analyzing risks and prioritizing EbA options, and integrating these options into policy and planning. It emphasizes a participatory approach, gender sensitivity, and adaptive management to ensure sustainable climate resilience.

The document is a user manual for ALivE (Adaptation, Livelihoods, and Ecosystems), a qualitative assessment tool used within a broader ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) planning process. It guides users through three phases: collecting information via secondary research and participatory methods, analyzing that data through a five-step computerized process to prioritize viable EbA options, and integrating these options into formal policies and planning. The tool emphasizes the links between ecosystem health, human livelihoods, and climate risks, specifically targeting the needs of vulnerable social groups and promoting gender-sensitive implementation.

The Republic of Fiji National Adaptation Plan (2018) is a strategic framework designed to transition the country toward a climate-resilient development pathway. It identifies 160 prioritised adaptation measures across ten components: five systemic (climate information, horizontal integration, vertical integration, awareness, and resource mobilisation) and five sectoral (food security, health, human settlements, infrastructure, and biodiversity). The plan emphasizes a 'theory of change' that combines the removal of adaptation barriers with the mitigation of sectoral risks, grounded in ecosystem-based and gender- and human rights-based approaches. Key goals include mainstreaming climate risk into all levels of government decision-making, improving the availability of high-resolution climate data, and enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure and food systems to combat hazards such as tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, and flooding.

The strategy provides a blueprint for the Government of Saint Lucia to use purposeful communication to foster a whole-of-government approach to climate adaptation. It focuses on translating technical climate science into meaningful narratives for diverse stakeholders, including political leaders, farmers, fishers, and youth. The framework emphasizes the use of a mix of traditional media (television, radio) and digital platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp) to drive behavioral change and secure investment for adaptation measures across priority sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and water.

The Republic of Fiji's 2018 National Adaptation Plan (NAP) provides a strategic framework to address climate vulnerabilities through 160 prioritised actions. The plan focuses on systemic changes—such as horizontal and vertical integration of climate risk into planning—and sectoral adaptations in food security, health, human settlements, infrastructure, and biodiversity. It emphasizes a 'theory of change' where adaptation is synonymous with climate-resilient development, integrating ecosystem-based and human-rights-based approaches to protect vulnerable populations and critical economic sectors from hazards like tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, and flooding.

The document examines the tension between Rwanda's national development goals—such as becoming a middle-income country by 2020—and the resulting pressure on natural resources at the district level. Focusing on Rutsiro, Bugesera, and Kirehe, it identifies widespread scarcity of woody biomass and clean water, driven by urban demand for charcoal and traditional farming practices. It argues that while national strategies like the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy exist, there is a gap in translating these into local action, necessitating tailored district-level solutions and national policy incentives to shift urban energy demand away from charcoal.

The peer review concludes that the Greenhouse Gas Assessment (GGA) and Climate Resilience Assessment (CRA) are comprehensive and follow international best practices, though it identifies gaps in the quantification of the Social Cost of Carbon and questions the overall project impact rating. While the project's GHG emissions are rated as 'VERY LARGE' and water scarcity risks as 'HIGH', the reviewer notes that the project's justification relies on existing South African energy policy, which remains a point of contention.

The author argues that the traditional vision of urban abundance is no longer realistic given systemic risks. By synthesizing theories from David Holmgren and the authors of 'Resilient Cities', the text outlines four potential futures: the Ecotechnic city (successful green transition), the Ecovillage city (radical semi-ruralization), the Enclaved city (authoritarian divide), and the Collapsed city (systemic breakdown). The author suggests that industrialized cities, including those in Europe, may soon reach a 'peak of urbanity' requiring a shift toward depopulation and economic relocalization.

The document analyzes the conceptual frameworks, global and regional experiences, and existing sectoral information systems in Peru to guide the creation of a national M&E system for climate change adaptation. It highlights that while Peru has strong political commitments and sectoral data, it lacks a formally approved National Adaptation Plan and a corresponding national M&E system.