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The document assesses climate change impacts on Uganda's agricultural sector, projecting significant losses for export crops like coffee and certain food crops by 2050, while identifying droughts and floods as the most immediate adaptation priorities.

The study predicts a significant biomass deficit in Uganda from the 2020s onwards, which climate change is expected to exacerbate by reducing domestic wood availability by 5 to 10 percent between 2020 and 2050. Addressing this gap through imported biomass or LPG would require additional expenditures of US$0.6-1.3 billion or US$5-11 billion, respectively. While a potential 26 percent decline in hydropower potential by 2050 could be managed by the government's current expansion programme, this requires an estimated US$83 billion in capital investment for hydro, nuclear, and other generation through 2050. The document recommends prioritizing a switch from traditional biomass to modern energy sources and implementing energy efficiency standards.

The document assesses the economic risks climate change poses to Uganda's agricultural sector by 2050. It finds that while overall food crop losses may be limited to US$1.5 billion (less than 0.2% of GDP), specific crops like cassava and sweet potato could see 40% production reductions. Agricultural exports, particularly coffee and tea, face significant risks, with combined losses potentially reaching US$2.1 billion in a 75% reduction scenario. The report highlights that immediate threats from droughts and floods are more critical than gradual yield decreases, citing US$470 million in losses from the 2010-11 drought. To address these risks, the Government of Uganda has proposed a US$297 million budget over 15 years for eight adaptation priorities, including irrigation, crop diversification, and micro-insurance.

The document analyzes Uganda's energy sector using the LEAP model, predicting a significant biomass deficit by the 2020s. It estimates that climate change could further reduce domestic wood availability by 5-10% by 2050, requiring $5-11 billion in additional LPG expenditures. While hydropower potential may decrease by 26% by 2050, current government expansion plans are deemed sufficient if implemented. The report recommends prioritizing the transition from traditional biomass to LPG and modern energy, noting that the current national adaptation strategy lacks these specific components.

The report estimates that ensuring climate-resilient infrastructure in Uganda will cost between US$52-66 million (2015-2020) and US$638-1,157 million (2045-2050), with total costs by 2050 reaching up to US$3 billion under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Residential buildings are identified as the most affected sector, accounting for approximately half of all resilience costs. Regarding extreme events, the report projects that a doubling of event frequency every 25 years could lead to damages of US$738-3,294 million by 2050, representing 0.1-0.3% of GDP. Key adaptation priorities include climate-proofing public buildings and integrating resilient standards into infrastructure planning and risk assessment guidelines.

The document estimates that water demand in Uganda will increase from 408 million cubic meters per year in 2010 to 3,963 million cubic meters per year by 2050, with unmet demand rising to 1,651 million cubic meters per year. The expected economic cost of this unmet demand in 2050 is estimated at 14,558 billion shillings (US$5.5 billion), with the highest losses anticipated in the Lake Victoria, Albert Nile, and Lake Kyoga watersheds. Historical drought data shows significant losses, specifically $250 million in 2005-6 and $1,174 million in 2010-11. Analysis of the Government of Uganda's Costed Adaptation Strategy suggests that investments in water use efficiency, supply for agriculture and industry, and Integrated Water Resources Management would likely generate a 10% rate of return.

The document examines the intersection of climate change, population growth, and malaria in Uganda's Tororo and Kabale districts. It projects that the economic costs of malaria in these areas could more than double by 2050, driven by rising temperatures and increased population exposure. The study emphasizes the need for district-specific adaptation strategies, such as Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residential Spraying (IRS), and calls for improved climate-malaria research and cross-ministerial collaboration to maximize health co-benefits.

The document estimates that ensuring climate-resilient infrastructure in Uganda will cost between US$60-76 million in 2025 and US$347-621 million by 2050, with buildings accounting for 96% of these costs. Under a less favorable climate scenario (RCP 8.5), total costs to 2050 could reach US$4.4 billion. Additionally, the report warns that a doubling of the frequency of extreme events every 25 years could lead to damages of US$938-3,236 million by 2050, representing 0.1-0.4% of GDP. Key adaptation priorities include climate-proofing public buildings and integrating resilient standards into infrastructure planning.

The document evaluates the vulnerability of Kampala's infrastructure to climate change, specifically focusing on flooding and temperature increases. It projects a significant rise in annual flood damages by 2050 and estimates the cost of climate-proofing buildings and roads between US$3.3 billion and US$3.7 billion for the period 2015-2050.

The document examines climate-related agricultural losses in the Karamoja region of Uganda, highlighting that recent droughts have caused production losses of 50% to 100% for some households. It projects future losses of 9% to 32% of total production by 2050 and identifies significant yield reductions for maize and beans. The study recommends prioritizing water availability, crop diversification, and livestock support to build resilience.

The document examines the vulnerability of Arabica coffee in Uganda's Bududa District to climate variability and projected climate change. It compares 'Business as Usual' (BAU) with 'Climate Smart Agriculture' (CSA) scenarios, finding that CSA—which includes tree planting, mulching, and trench construction—offers a higher Internal Rate of Return (IRR) than BAU under both current and future conditions. The study suggests that combining CSA with institutional support could sustain coffee cultivation, though it notes that estimates are preliminary and require further research and piloting.

The study finds that climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall, will likely cause significant economic losses in the Mpanga river catchment, particularly in the energy sector. Annual costs for the energy sector are estimated between US$25 million and US$98 million by 2030-2035, while the water supply sector in the Rushango area may face annual losses of US$45,000 to US$79,000. Adaptation measures, including water resource regulation and energy diversification, are considered high priorities as they only need to offset between 2.8% and 32.8% of estimated losses to be economically justified.

The document estimates that water demand in Uganda will increase from 408 million cubic meters per year in 2010 to 3,963 million cubic meters per year by 2050. Under climate change scenarios and assuming no new investments beyond current plans, unmet demand is projected to rise to 1,651 million cubic meters per year, with an expected annual cost of approximately US$5.5 billion by 2050. The analysis highlights that the Lake Victoria, Albert Nile, and Lake Kyoga watersheds will face the largest economic losses. Historical drought data shows significant impacts, with events in 2005-6 and 2010-11 causing losses of US$250 million and US$1,174 million respectively. The report concludes that priority adaptation programmes focusing on water use efficiency, supply for agriculture and industry, and Integrated Water Resources Management are likely to generate high returns on investment.

The document argues that achieving water security in Africa requires tens of billions of dollars annually, with climate resilience adding an additional US$10–15 billion. It suggests a blended financing approach combining traditional water finance, official development assistance, and specialized climate finance to bridge the funding gap. While most climate finance currently targets mitigation, the briefing emphasizes the need for adaptation funding and the role of the Green Climate Fund in supporting African water infrastructure.

The statement, signed by several international NGOs, contends that the WTO is an inappropriate forum for investment negotiations because it would limit the ability of developing nations to regulate foreign direct investment (FDI) for development goals. It highlights risks such as the erosion of performance requirements and the imbalance of the WTO's dispute settlement system, which it claims favors industrialized nations. The authors argue that the 'Doha Development Agenda' should prioritize existing issues like agriculture and TRIPS over new investment rules, calling for a halt to negotiations until developing countries have the resources to evaluate the implications.

The Healthy NDC Scorecard evaluates national climate commitments (NDCs) based on climate ambition, health impacts, and governance. It categorizes outcomes ranging from 'Paris Agreement compliant' and 'Science aligned' to those that are 'Catastrophic for human health', specifically tracking temperature trajectories from 1.5°C to over 4°C.

The document outlines how grants function as direct fund transfers to support climate projects with low commercial potential, acting as a tool to de-risk investments and build institutional capacity. It categorizes grants into development, technical assistance, and project preparation facilities, and identifies key providers ranging from philanthropic foundations and multilateral development banks to vertical climate funds like the Green Climate Fund. The guide details the capacity requirements for recipients, the pathways for financial market readiness across shallow, emerging, and mature markets, and the specific challenges—such as complex reporting and donor fragmentation—that hinder effective uptake.

Parametric insurance provides rapid liquidity by paying fixed amounts based on predetermined triggers rather than assessed losses. It is used across agriculture, renewable energy, infrastructure, and tourism to stabilize budgets and protect credit ratings. Implementation requires specific analytical, regulatory, and data capacities, with regional risk pools like CCRIF and ARC serving as key models for sovereign coverage. While high premiums and basis risk remain challenges, the document suggests using donor support and pilot projects to increase uptake.

The document argues that the European Commission's proposed legislation on corporate sustainable due diligence is insufficient to end global corporate impunity. It asserts that EU laws must complement, rather than replace, a legally binding UN instrument to ensure effective protection and access to justice for affected people and environments.

Friends of the Earth International critiques the proposed EU sustainable corporate governance directive, arguing that while it introduces mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (HREDD), it is currently insufficient to end corporate impunity and must be complemented by a UN legally binding instrument.