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The document examines the vulnerabilities of India's nuclear infrastructure to climate-induced threats, including sea-level rise, cyclones, and extreme rainfall. It highlights a history of 'near-misses' and safety lapses, arguing that the lack of an independent regulator and a culture of secrecy exacerbate these risks. The author identifies the west coast and Tamil Nadu as high-risk zones and notes that climate change may indirectly increase nuclear tensions via the India-Pakistan rivalry over the Indus River Basin.

The document argues that while India's current internal security challenges—such as terrorism in Kashmir and Maoist insurgencies—are primarily driven by non-climate factors, future climate change will likely act as a risk multiplier. By 2050, increased temperature volatility, erratic monsoon patterns, and sea-level rise are projected to heighten human vulnerability. The authors identify three primary security pathways: rural unrest driven by agricultural distress and crop failure; tensions within India's federal structure caused by inter-state migration and river water disputes; and urban violence magnified by heat-induced aggression and food price hikes. The report emphasizes that at a 1.5°C global temperature rise, large portions of India enter a high-risk zone, potentially translating environmental stress into state security threats.

The SADC-HYCOS IV Project seeks to strengthen the capacity of 16 Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states to manage climate-related water risks. The project focuses on restoring hydrological monitoring stations damaged by Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, upgrading data transmission from expensive satellite systems to cost-effective GSM-modem technology, and establishing a centralised regional hydrological database. By improving the availability of contextually-appropriate hydrological information and early-warning systems, the project intends to provide adaptation benefits to approximately 140 million vulnerable people, particularly those reliant on agriculture and fisheries.

The document assesses Mozambique's coastal ecosystems—specifically mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds—and their role in ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) against climate threats. It identifies significant vulnerabilities to cyclones, sea-level rise, and temperature increases, while highlighting institutional gaps in technical capacity and inter-sectoral coordination. The report evaluates the role of state actors, NGOs, and local communities, and recommends integrating EbA more deeply into national development strategies and exploring innovative financing like biodiversity offsets.

The report assesses gender equality and climate vulnerability in the Philippines to inform the design of a multi-hazard early warning system. It identifies that women, female-headed households, and indigenous peoples face distinct vulnerabilities during extreme weather events, such as higher mortality rates during Typhoon Yolanda and limited land ownership. The document outlines a Gender Action Plan to integrate sex-disaggregated data, tailor warning messages for vulnerable groups, and build the capacity of project implementers in gender analysis across four specific project sites.

The study finds that the extreme two-day rainfall during Tropical Storm Imelda in September 2019 was made more likely and more intense by anthropogenic climate change. Observational data suggests the probability of such an event has increased by a factor of 2.6 since 1900, while climate model synthesis indicates a probability increase of 1.5 to 3.1 times and an intensity increase of 9% to 21%. The report also notes that rapid urban expansion and loss of impervious cover in Southeast Texas have exacerbated flooding risks for approximately 6.6 million people in the impacted counties.

The paper presents a model for small island developing states (SIDS) that examines the relationship between the anticipation of extreme climate events and the resulting damage to commercial capital stocks, specifically applying this model to tropical storm damage in Barbados.

The programme aims to reach approximately 210,000 people, representing 75% of Vanuatu's population, with a total indicative cost of USD 13,590,000. It consists of a Technical Assistance Programme (TAP) to help 1,000 communities develop DWSSPs and a Capital Assistance Programme (CAP) to provide infrastructure upgrades for 200 communities. These interventions address vulnerabilities to tropical cyclones, floods, and sea-level rise, which cause bacterial contamination and physical damage to water systems. The project is aligned with Vanuatu's National Sustainable Development Plan 2016 and the National Water Policy 2017–2030.

The document outlines how human-induced climate change is warming and acidifying oceans, causing sea level rise, and melting high mountain frozen lands in Africa. These changes threaten fisheries, coastal infrastructure, and water security. It argues that while adaptation and disaster risk reduction are essential and cost-effective, urgent global greenhouse gas mitigation is the primary way to limit long-term damage.

Fiji's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) aims to integrate climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction into national and sub-national development planning. The process focuses on priority components such as food security, infrastructure, and health, while addressing hazards including sea level rise, stronger cyclones, and flooding. Key milestones include the accreditation of the Fiji Development Bank to the Green Climate Fund and the finalisation of National Relocation Guidelines.

The World Weather Attribution (WWA) consortium investigated the possibility of analyzing the effect of climate change on Super Typhoon Mangkhut's rainfall but determined an analysis was not feasible. The decision was based on three primary constraints: the availability of only one high-resolution model for the region, poor quality of public observational data in the affected area (with 50% missing data in most stations), and a lack of manpower and stable funding. The document notes that while greenhouse gases are expected to increase the precipitation of the strongest storms globally, region-specific projections have low confidence. Additionally, the WWA stated that while sea level rise affects storm surges, such impacts are not currently part of their attribution assessments.

The document outlines projected climate impacts for Latin America and the Caribbean, including temperature increases of up to 4.5 °C, rising sea levels, and glacier loss. These changes are expected to disrupt water runoff, reduce agricultural and livestock yields, and threaten biodiversity, specifically coral reefs and the Amazon rainforest. The paper concludes that the region faces severe risks to human health, infrastructure, and livelihoods due to the potential for simultaneous and compounding impacts.

Saint Lucia has implemented a 10-year National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process, led by the Department of Sustainable Development, to build resilience against climate change. The plan identifies eight priority sectors for adaptation—Tourism, Water, Agriculture, Fisheries, Education, Health, Infrastructure & spatial planning, and Natural resource management—and utilizes Sectoral Adaptation Strategies & Action Plans (SASAPs) to implement measures. The process includes several supporting tools, such as a Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Report and a Monitoring & Evaluation Plan. Observed and anticipated climate impacts for the country include tropical storms, high-intensity hurricanes, sea level rise, coral bleaching, and prolonged droughts.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is implementing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to mainstream climate adaptation into development planning and financing. The process, led by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning, Sustainable Development and Information Technology, identifies key climate hazards such as tropical storms, rising sea levels, and rainfall variability. Priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, water, energy, tourism, and infrastructure. Between 2010 and 2014, extreme weather events caused losses exceeding 35 percent of the country's GDP.

The analysis finds that heat and cold extremes are warming globally in line with average temperatures, with cold extremes in Siberia and Canada warming particularly fast. Extreme daily precipitation is generally increasing at a rate of approximately 7% per degree Celsius, though regional variations exist. While trends in tropical cyclone frequency are difficult to determine, their impacts have increased due to higher precipitation and sea level rise. Drought trends remain complex and highly dependent on the specific definition used.

The Philippines utilizes a nationally driven approach to climate adaptation, where the National Adaptation Plan is envisioned as a derivative of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011–2028. The process is led by the Climate Change Commission (CCC) using a "whole of nation approach" that integrates stakeholders from government, academia, business, and civil society, while aligning with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan and the Philippine Development Plan.

The Tonga Green Climate Fund Country Programme identifies 29 priority initiatives—comprising 12 adaptation, 4 mitigation, 9 cross-cutting projects, 3 readiness support initiatives, and 1 project preparation grant—with a total estimated cost of USD $486.33 million. The programme focuses on critical vulnerabilities including sea-level rise, tropical cyclones, and drought, aligning with the Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 and the Second Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP 2). Key priorities include renewable energy expansion, coastal resilience, climate-smart agriculture, and the climate-proofing of urban infrastructure in Nuku’alofa.

The Republic of Fiji National Adaptation Plan (2018) is a strategic framework designed to transition the country toward a climate-resilient development pathway. It identifies 160 prioritised adaptation measures across ten components: five systemic (climate information, horizontal integration, vertical integration, awareness, and resource mobilisation) and five sectoral (food security, health, human settlements, infrastructure, and biodiversity). The plan emphasizes a 'theory of change' that combines the removal of adaptation barriers with the mitigation of sectoral risks, grounded in ecosystem-based and gender- and human rights-based approaches. Key goals include mainstreaming climate risk into all levels of government decision-making, improving the availability of high-resolution climate data, and enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure and food systems to combat hazards such as tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, and flooding.

The Republic of Fiji's 2018 National Adaptation Plan (NAP) provides a strategic framework to address climate vulnerabilities through 160 prioritised actions. The plan focuses on systemic changes—such as horizontal and vertical integration of climate risk into planning—and sectoral adaptations in food security, health, human settlements, infrastructure, and biodiversity. It emphasizes a 'theory of change' where adaptation is synonymous with climate-resilient development, integrating ecosystem-based and human-rights-based approaches to protect vulnerable populations and critical economic sectors from hazards like tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, and flooding.

Saint Lucia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2018–2028 provides a comprehensive roadmap to build climate resilience across key sectors including water, agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure, natural resource management, education, health, and tourism. The plan identifies 40 cross-sectoral and 271 sectoral adaptation measures designed to reduce vulnerabilities to sea-level rise, intense tropical storms, and erratic rainfall. It establishes the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) as the coordinating body and emphasizes the need for Sectoral Adaptation Strategies and Action Plans (SASAPs) to provide detailed blueprints for implementation. The document also addresses the 'limits to adaptation' and the resulting potential for economic and non-economic loss and damage.