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The document details mechanisms for raising public finance for climate action, focusing on the roles of international funding, debt instruments, and national vehicles. It examines the benefits and challenges of international public finance, the growth of the climate bond market, the utility of debt-for-climate swaps in reducing debt burdens, and the operational structure of national climate funds. The guide provides specific examples of these instruments in practice across various developing and middle-income countries.

The document argues that open data—datasets freely available for use and redistribution—is essential for a coordinated, whole-of-society response to climate change. It identifies five primary benefits of open data: improved data coordination and quality, more informed decision-making, the creation of novel partnerships, the democratization of climate modeling, and enhanced monitoring of policies and programs. The paper draws on a literature review, expert consultations, and pilot projects in Chile and Uruguay (conducted between August 2019 and August 2020) to provide a methodology for stakeholders to assess and improve the openness of climate-relevant datasets.

The document argues that public economic incentives are essential to scale up land restoration in Latin America, as the up-front costs are otherwise prohibitive for smallholder farmers and the rural poor. It highlights that land degradation costs the region approximately US $52 billion annually, while restoring a single hectare can add $1,140 in economic value. The brief analyzes programs in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru, calculating payments per tree or hectare to help policymakers optimize these incentives for carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and food security.

The report highlights that forests stabilize the climate through biophysical processes affecting energy and moisture transfers, which are currently undervalued in policy. It argues that accounting for these effects can increase the estimated global cooling benefit of avoiding tropical deforestation by up to 50% and warns that ignoring them leads to underestimated climate risks for health and agriculture.

The case study argues that forests influence climate stability through biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—beyond the carbon cycle. In Chile, the loss of over 40% of forest cover, particularly the matorral in the central region, has likely contributed to local temperature increases and exacerbated the 'Mega Drought' (2010-2018). The authors propose enhancing Chile's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Long-Term Climate Strategy, and REDD+ frameworks by incorporating non-carbon cooling effects as performance indicators and targets. They also suggest expanding the ARClim risk assessment platform to include deforestation-induced warming to better prioritize adaptation measures in agriculture and public health.

The document argues that forests influence climate not only through carbon sequestration but also through biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—which affect temperature and precipitation. In Chile, the conversion of native vegetation to crops and pastures has been linked to local surface temperature increases of up to 4°C. The authors suggest that Chile can enhance its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Long-Term Climate Strategy, and REDD+ strategies by incorporating these non-carbon effects as performance indicators and adaptation goals. Specifically, they recommend prioritizing native species over exotic plantations to maximize cooling effects and utilizing the ARClim digital platform to identify areas at risk of non-carbon warming.

The report examines the non-carbon biophysical effects of forests—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—and their impact on local and global temperatures and precipitation. Using Chile as a case study, it highlights how deforestation of native vegetation, such as the matorral, has contributed to local surface temperature increases. The document proposes specific policy enhancements for Chile, including adjusting its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to favor native species over exotic plantations, expanding the ARClim risk assessment platform, and incorporating biophysical indicators into the National Strategy for Climate Change and Plant Resources (ENCCRV). It suggests that Chile's approach can serve as a model for other UNFCCC parties to recognize deforestation as a climate hazard beyond carbon emissions.

Initiative 20x20 is a regional partnership in Latin America and the Caribbean designed to restore degraded landscapes through reforestation, agroforestry, and silvopasture. The initiative has surpassed its initial goal of 20 million hectares and has earmarked US$2.4 billion for project financing. The program addresses the fact that at least 200 million hectares of land in the region are severely degraded and that 49% of regional emissions stem from land-use change, forestry, and agriculture.

The WRI Results Framework establishes a structured system to plan and evaluate programmatic progress across three primary human systems: food, land & water; energy; and cities. It sets specific global targets for 2030 and WRI intervention targets for 2027, focusing on outcomes such as reducing agricultural land demand by 100 Mha, increasing the share of zero-carbon electricity by 9% in target geographies, and improving urban climate resilience. The framework integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and utilizes a tiered approach of global, intervention, and country-specific targets, supported by impact indicators for people, nature, and climate.

This World Resources Institute working paper reports on three workshops held in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to identify challenges developing countries face in monitoring and tracking climate finance. It details nine primary technical, political, and capacity barriers, ranging from inconsistent definitions and lack of institutional coordination to the limited transparency of development partners and the difficulty of tracking private financial data.

The study concludes that anthropogenic climate change made the record-breaking early season heat in northern Argentina and Paraguay approximately 60 times more likely. The analysis focused on the 7-day average of daily maximum temperatures, finding that the 2022 event was an exceptional occurrence that would have been unlikely without human-induced warming. The report also highlights the region's high vulnerability due to urban heat island effects, informal settlements lacking electricity, and the timing of the heatwave before populations had acclimated to summer temperatures.

The study finds that while the 2022 drought in Central South America was primarily driven by natural variability and La Niña conditions, human-induced climate change exacerbated the event by increasing temperatures, which reduced water availability through higher evapotranspiration. The drought caused severe agricultural losses in Argentina, including a projected 25-50% decrease in soy yields and a significant drop in wheat production, while limiting potable water access for over 75,000 people in Uruguay.

The document serves as a journalistic guide to 'event attribution', the scientific method used to determine if and to what extent climate change influenced a specific extreme weather event. It warns against common reporting errors—such as ignoring climate change, claiming it as the sole cause without evidence, or over-caution in reporting heatwaves—and provides specific scientific guidance on heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires, tropical cyclones, and heavy snowfall.

The document distinguishes 'true seals' (Phocidae) from 'eared seals' (Otariidae), noting that sea lions have external ear flaps, rotatable hind flippers for walking on land, and loud vocalizations, whereas seals have ear holes, move by scooting on their bellies, and are generally quieter. It highlights the ecological role of pinnipeds as mid-level predators and prey for apex predators. The text identifies climate change, overfishing, entanglement in fishing gear, habitat loss, and pollution as primary threats to these species, specifically mentioning the risk to ice-dependent seals due to shrinking sea ice.

The document dispels five myths about bees, emphasizing that while honey bees are well-known, they are a non-native domesticated species in North America and are not the only, nor necessarily the most efficient, pollinators. It highlights that over 20,000 bee species exist globally, with many native species in North America declining due to climate change, habitat loss, and pesticides. The text explains that bees are critical for ecosystem stability, as their extinction would lead to plant loss, soil erosion, and increased atmospheric carbon. It also details specific biological traits, such as 'buzz-pollination' used by bumble bees and the existence of stingless honey bees in regions like Australia and Mexico.

The TPP partner countries are major global players in the trade of natural resources, accounting for 33% of the global marine catch and 34% of global timber and pulp production. WWF argues that without conservation measures, illegal and unsustainable trade undermines law-abiding businesses, drives corruption, and threatens biodiversity. Specifically, illegal fishing is estimated to cost between $10 billion and $23.5 billion annually, while illegal logging can depress global timber prices by up to 16%. The document recommends that the TPP prohibit trade in resources harvested in violation of national laws, enforce multilateral environmental agreements, and implement disciplines on subsidies that lead to overfishing.

The document outlines the technical and governance requirements for implementing electronic monitoring (EM) in industrial tuna fisheries. It details a five-phase implementation process—assessment, design, preparation, launch, and continuous management—and proposes three governance scenarios: centralized, decentralized/harmonized, and various service provider models. The text emphasizes the transition toward outcome-based standards to allow for technological innovation, such as AI and machine learning, while highlighting critical challenges regarding data interoperability, legal frameworks for data privacy, and the lack of transparent cost data.

The 'Food is Local' fellowship by WWF International provides funding for master's and PhD students from 32 eligible countries to conduct interdisciplinary research on transforming food systems to be more sustainable, equitable, and climate-resilient. Eligible applicants must be citizens of the listed countries, have two years of conservation experience, and plan to start their studies by January 2024. Research proposals are encouraged to cover themes such as agroecological practices, gender equity, and the role of food systems in achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The document outlines a strategic framework to transform ocean conservation by moving from incremental to revolutionary solutions. It identifies ten Grand Challenges—ranging from unsustainable aquaculture and marine debris to ocean acidification and dead zones—and proposes a pipeline for innovation. This pipeline involves sourcing ideas through open innovation and prizes, prototyping and incubating them through dedicated accelerators, and scaling them via a tiered investment model. The initiative seeks to build a multidisciplinary 'Tribe' of solvers, including technologists and financiers, to increase the speed and efficacy of marine protection.

The report provides a comprehensive framework for implementing electronic monitoring (EM) in industrial tuna fisheries, focusing on the role of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). It outlines a five-phase implementation process—assessment, program design, pre-implementation, initial implementation, and continuous improvement—and evaluates three governance scenarios: centralized, decentralized/harmonized, and various service provider interaction models. The document emphasizes the transition from technical to performance-based standards to accommodate rapid technological advances in AI and machine learning. It identifies significant gaps in financial transparency and cost-recovery research and recommends the creation of a global EM program database to facilitate data-driven decision-making.