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This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the structural misalignment between investment supply (climate finance vehicles) and investment demand (agribusinesses) within African agrifood systems. Drawing on a portfolio of 17 finance vehicles and 23 enterprises, the report identifies how gaps in mandate design, enterprise readiness, and a bias toward cash crops over food crops hinder capital mobilization. It provides six actionable recommendations for donors and technical assistance (TA) providers to improve the conversion of climate-positive agribusinesses into investable pipelines.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the landscape of climate finance in Ethiopia from 2019 to 2023. It finds that while climate finance has increased, it remains heavily dependent on international public grants and is significantly below the levels required to meet the country's NDC 3.0 targets, particularly for mitigation and private sector investment.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) in February 2026, provides structured 'Litigation Notes' to help lawyers integrate the findings of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, Advisory Opinion (AO) on State obligations regarding climate change into current and future legal cases. The document breaks down the ICJ's conclusions into thematic areas, including government framework litigation, adaptation, remedies and reparations, the right to a healthy environment, corporate conduct, climate finance, speculative interventions, and regulatory backsliding. It aims to translate the ICJ's normative clarity into practical tools for promoting climate justice across national, regional, and international courts.

This guide provides a series of structured 'Litigation Notes' designed to help legal practitioners integrate the findings of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, Advisory Opinion (AO) on States' obligations regarding climate change into domestic, regional, and international court cases. The document breaks down the ICJ AO by key themes—including government framework cases, adaptation, remedies and reparations, the right to a healthy environment, corporate conduct, climate financing, speculative interventions, and regulatory rollbacks—providing specific excerpts from the opinion and illustrating their application through existing and potential litigation categories.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) in February 2026, provides a structured digest of key excerpts from the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) unanimous advisory opinion (AO) delivered on 23 July 2025 regarding States' obligations in relation to climate change. The document is designed as a practical tool for climate litigation practitioners to integrate the ICJ's normative clarity into domestic, regional, and international legal cases.

The African Climate Foundation and Dalberg developed the NDC Investment Planner (NIP) to help African governments translate Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) from broad policy frameworks into bankable project pipelines. The NIP provides a structured, three-stage process—Identify, Evaluate, and Select and Act—to align climate ambition with investment logic and economic transformation goals.

This research paper analyzes the potential for African countries to finance climate mitigation and adaptation by redirecting explicit fossil fuel subsidies (EFFS) and increasing environmental taxes. While these domestic fiscal tools can contribute approximately 1.7% and 1.1% of Africa's GDP respectively, the author concludes they are insufficient to close the continent's overall climate finance gap of 5–10% of GDP. The paper recommends establishing independent fuel reserve authorities to stabilize prices and adopting gradual subsidy withdrawal strategies to avoid social unrest and inflation.

This briefing outlines the economic case for investing in natural capital, demonstrating that nature-based solutions in forests, wetlands, and food systems provide returns ranging from 6.8 to 51 times the investment. It highlights that such investments could provide over 50% of the cost-effective mitigation needed for a 2°C pathway and significantly reduce climate-related losses in developing countries, despite current financial flows remaining misaligned and skewed toward harmful environmental subsidies.

The IDFC Green Finance Mapping 2025 executive summary reports that 23 member institutions committed USD 173 billion in green finance in 2024, a 13% decrease from 2023. While overall commitments fell, 14 of the 23 responding members increased their individual contributions. Climate finance dominated the total at 96% (USD 167 billion), with a significant 64% increase in adaptation finance to USD 17 billion, largely driven by the China Development Bank.

This document outlines the methodology used by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) to estimate bottom-up climate finance needs by collecting and standardizing data from Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It distinguishes bottom-up needs—finance required by countries to reach national targets—from top-down needs, which are derived from predictive models to align with a 1.5°C pathway.

The 'Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2025: EMDE Spotlight' fact sheet analyzes climate finance flows to emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It reports that while total climate finance to these 157 countries surpassed USD 1 trillion in 2023, there remains a significant gap compared to the estimated USD 4 trillion required annually by 2030. The document highlights the dominance of China in overall flows, the growth of domestic private financing in emerging markets, and the persistent underfunding of adaptation and hard-to-abate sectors.

The Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2025 summary handout reports that global climate finance reached a record USD 1.9 trillion in 2023, driven largely by private sector growth. Despite this increase, a significant gap remains between current flows and the investment needed to meet global climate goals, with mitigation finance dominating the landscape while adaptation finance saw a decline in 2023.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes how integrating the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) tools, alongside macroeconomic modelling, allows governments to plan for climate-resilient development by analyzing the interdependencies between water and energy systems.

This report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance provides a set of recommendations for COP30 to integrate health and planetary health into UNFCCC negotiations. It argues that climate change undermines global health progress and calls for ambitious action across adaptation, mitigation, just transition, loss and damage, and finance to protect human physical and mental health.

The IDFC Green Finance Mapping Report 2025 provides an executive summary of green finance commitments made by members of the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) in 2024. It details the distribution of climate and biodiversity finance, noting a 13% decrease in total green finance commitments compared to 2023, while highlighting the continued dominance of mitigation finance and the growth of adaptation finance.

This policy brief argues that climate finance is significantly misaligned with the needs of livestock systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It advocates for reframing livestock as multifunctional assets capable of delivering 'triple wins'—simultaneous climate mitigation, adaptation, and socio-economic benefits—and provides specific policy recommendations for the G20 to unlock targeted funding.

Liberia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), submitted in September 2025, outlines a revised climate action plan aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050. The document updates the national base year for emissions from 2015 to 2022, resulting in a significant increase in absolute emission reduction targets. It integrates climate resilience across multiple sectors—including energy, agriculture, forestry, transport, and waste—and aligns with the national ARREST Agenda for Inclusive Development (AAID). The plan emphasizes gender-responsive and socially inclusive actions, specifically targeting the needs of women, youth, and children.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) submitted a consultation response to South Africa's draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), urging the integration of health linkages into climate policymaking. The submission argues that current emissions targets for 2026-2035 exceed the 1.5°C compatible trajectory and highlights the severe public health and economic burden of air pollution, which costs South Africa approximately USD 52 billion annually.

A common position statement by over 50 organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) calling for the integration of health as a central axis in climate solutions, emphasizing the region's vulnerability and the need for urgent, equitable action.

The Common Position of Latin America and the Caribbean on Climate Change and Health is a regional declaration endorsed by over 50 original signatories, including governmental, academic, and civil society organizations. The document outlines six strategic pillars—health protection, mitigation, adaptation, climate justice, leadership, and financing—to center public health in climate action and influence COP30.