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This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the 'twin transition'—the simultaneous pursuit of digital and green transformations. It analyzes how digital technologies can both enable climate action and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on the implications for developing countries and the pathways toward a net-zero digital economy by 2050.

This report examines the relationship between the first global stocktake (GST) under the Paris Agreement and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process for developing countries, providing recommendations for integrating GST outcomes into domestic adaptation efforts.

This report reviews 59 multi-sector national adaptation plan (NAP) documents to analyze how developing countries address adaptation finance, identifying good practices and areas for improvement in the identification, prioritization, and mobilization of funds.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute explains the definition, scale, and challenges of adaptation finance, which funds projects to build resilience against climate change impacts. It highlights a significant funding gap in developing countries and the difficulties in tracking these investments compared to climate mitigation.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the intersection of agricultural trade, climate change, and net-zero pathways, focusing on the implications for developing countries. It analyzes how climate change disrupts production and trade flows, the sector's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for international trade cooperation to foster climate-resilient food systems.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) and E3G examines the intersection of global trade, climate policy, and the energy transition. It analyzes how the shift away from fossil fuels reshapes geopolitical power and trade flows, highlighting the disproportionate risks and opportunities for developing countries. The document advocates for proactive trade policy reforms, increased financial support, and international coordination to ensure an equitable transition that avoids protectionism and supports climate-resilient development in the Global South.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the expansion and dynamics of global carbon markets, categorizing them into compliance-based, voluntary, and multilateral systems under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It analyzes the trade implications of these markets, including competitiveness concerns and the use of mechanisms like the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), while highlighting the specific opportunities and financial challenges facing developing countries in adopting these tools.

The Climate Finance Toolkit, produced by the Climate Ambition to Accountability Project, is a resource for civil society, trade unions, and state actors to advocate for rights-based climate investment and a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

This country report analyzes the potential impacts of border carbon adjustment (BCA) schemes, specifically the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), on Trinidad and Tobago. Based on research by IISD and the University of the West Indies – St. Augustine campus and stakeholder dialogues, the report identifies risks to export competitiveness and economic activity while suggesting that BCAs could incentivize a transition to cleaner energy if supported by international finance and technology transfer.

The Adaptation Finance Gap Update 2023 provides a detailed analysis of adaptation finance flows to developing countries between 2017 and 2021, highlighting a persistent funding gap, low disbursement ratios, and a reliance on grants for the most vulnerable nations.

This research paper empirically examines whether increased international public climate finance leads to higher climate mitigation ambitions in developing countries, using data from 2015-2020.

This policy brief argues that Aid for Trade (A4T) is a critical tool for advancing sustainable development and addressing environmental crises. It proposes six pathways to 'green' A4T, emphasizing that developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) must lead the prioritization of these resources to ensure a just and fair transition to a sustainable global economy.

This research paper explores how trade can be leveraged as a vehicle to support climate change adaptation in developing countries, specifically examining the role of National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes in identifying necessary goods, services, and financing.

This report, commissioned by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) for the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), examines how just transition policies can address employment and social justice challenges in developing countries and emerging economies during the shift to an ecologically sustainable economy.

This policy brief examines the opportunities and risks for developing countries resulting from the increased demand for lithium and cobalt used in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, emphasizing the role of trade policy in capturing value and managing overinvestment.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how trade policy, specifically tariffs, can be used by developing countries to balance the goal of maximizing local economic benefits from clean energy investments with the need to minimize project costs. It analyzes the bill of materials for wind and solar projects to identify which components are suited for local production and evaluates the trade profiles of several countries to provide a framework for aligning trade and energy policies.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute argues that the current disaster risk finance architecture is inadequate for developing countries facing 'compound shocks'—simultaneous or sequential disruptive events such as pandemics, economic crises, and climate-driven natural disasters. The authors propose systemic reforms to the World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) and the Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) to shift incentives from post-disaster relief toward pre-disaster resilience and preparedness.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development outlines the first five years of the NAP Global Network's efforts to support developing countries in implementing National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes to address the climate crisis.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative, supported by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), proposes a framework for measuring climate finance flows to small-scale agriculture in developing countries and provides a snapshot of international financial commitments for 2017 and 2018.

This research paper analyzes the preparation and implementation process of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the 2015 Paris Agreement, drawing on four surveys conducted between 2015 and 2018 with stakeholders primarily from developing countries and emerging economies.