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This policy briefing argues that subnational governments and cities are essential for implementing international climate agreements but are often excluded from the formal negotiating tables of the UNFCCC. It highlights the role of transnational actors like ICLEI in bridging this gap and recommends a shift toward 'co-production' between national and local governments to ensure climate targets are implementable at the local scale.

This briefing note from the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the concept of loss and damage in climate change policy, distinguishing between scientific grounding and political interpretations within the UNFCCC framework.

South Africa's 2nd Biennial Update Report (BUR-2) provides a comprehensive overview of the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2000 to 2012, its mitigation strategies, and the financial and technical support received to transition toward a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy by 2030.

This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation policies in Tanzania, highlighting the challenges posed by rising temperatures and sea levels to a population reliant on climate-dependent livelihoods.

This report provides a snapshot of climate change adaptation policies and initiatives in Pakistan, detailing the country's vulnerabilities and the current state of its national and sub-national response efforts.

This report provides a snapshot of climate risks and adaptation efforts in Botswana, highlighting the country's vulnerability due to water scarcity and the lack of national priority given to climate change policy.

This report provides an overview of climate change risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation policies in Burkina Faso, highlighting the government's efforts to mainstream climate considerations into priority sectors and the role of international funding.

This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation initiatives in Nepal at national, sub-national, and local levels, highlighting the country's leadership in country-driven adaptation planning.

This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation policies in Tajikistan, highlighting the country's high sensitivity to climate change and the government's efforts to enhance institutional capacity through the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience.

This report describes the 'Watershared' model of reciprocal watershed agreements, a grassroots approach to incentive-based conservation used in Latin America. Unlike national Payment for Environmental Services (PES) schemes, Watershared relies on local negotiations, social norms, and non-economic incentives to encourage upstream landowners to protect forests that ensure water security for downstream users.

This report describes a project funded by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and implemented by Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) to scale up climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Nepal. The project focused on three agro-ecological zones—the Terai, mid-hills, and high hills—to identify and pilot technologies that increase productivity, build resilience to climate variability, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a specific emphasis on the needs of women and poor farmers.

This toolkit provides guidance for the private sector in Bangladesh on how to access and engage with the Green Climate Fund (GCF), specifically through the Private Sector Facility (PSF). It outlines the accreditation process for becoming a National Implementing Entity (NIE), the role of executing entities, and the available readiness and capacity support.

The paper introduces a framework and a composite index, the Transnational Climate Impacts Index, to quantify how countries are exposed to climate change impacts occurring in other locations, emphasizing the interconnections of a globalized economy.

This case study describes 'Watershared' (reciprocal watershed agreements), a grassroots, incentive-based conservation model used in Latin America to promote sustainable forest and water management through local negotiations and economic incentives.

This policy brief, produced by Acclimatise, IIED, and ICCCAD with CDKN support, analyzes the role of the private sector in climate compatible development (CCD) in Bangladesh. It highlights the economic risks of climate change, the potential for private sector investment via the Green Climate Fund, and the systemic barriers hindering private sector engagement.

This document is a reproduction of a lecture delivered by Simon Maxwell, Executive Chairman of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), at the Centre for Policy Dialogue in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in January 2016. The lecture explores whether a pathway exists to simultaneously eradicate poverty and eliminate emissions, arguing that the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement necessitate a fundamental economic and social transformation.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates the role of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) within the evolving global climate finance landscape. It assesses the CIF's comparative advantage against other multilateral funds, such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and recommends maintaining the CIF's operations to bridge investment gaps and support the implementation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

This report examines the role of gender in climate compatible development through a case study of the 'People’s Plans into Practice' (PPP) project in Kisumu, Kenya, focusing on how gender-sensitive approaches influence empowerment and adaptation in urban settings.

This policy brief by Practical Action examines the necessity of gender-sensitive approaches to climate compatible development in India, specifically highlighting the distinct vulnerabilities and requirements of urban settings compared to rural contexts.

This policy brief examines the integration of gender dimensions into climate compatible development in urban India, focusing on the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) project in Gorakhpur. It argues that urban gender-sensitive approaches must differ from rural ones due to complex social dimensions involving caste, class, and weaker social cohesion. The document highlights how women's active participation as agents of change—rather than mere recipients—significantly improves the sustainability and impact of resilience building, while noting that patriarchal structures continue to hinder gender mainstreaming in national and state policies.