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This research paper evaluates the impact of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) on nitrous oxide (N2O) abatement in the adipic acid sector. While the carbon market successfully incentivized abatement levels of 98% to 100%, which exceed previous technical benchmarks, the authors find that the CDM created significant economic incentives that led to carbon leakage. Specifically, production shifted from non-CDM plants to CDM plants during the 2008-2009 economic downturn, resulting in an estimated 13.5 MtCO2e of issued credits that did not represent real emission reductions.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute discusses the concept of indirect climate change impacts—risks that originate outside a country's borders but are transmitted through biophysical, trade, finance, and human pathways. It highlights a systemic lack of attention to these international dimensions in national adaptation planning and proposes the 'Adaptation Without Borders' project to improve conceptual frameworks and evidence bases for decision-makers.

This briefing note from the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the scientific and political complexities of 'loss and damage' within the UNFCCC framework. It analyzes four key traits—attributability, irreversibility, unavoidability, and intolerability—to clarify the gap between risk management approaches and calls for climate justice and compensation.

This research paper uses the Climate and Regional Economics of Development (CRED) model to analyze the relationship between climate policy and development assistance. The authors find that while climate and development choices are nearly independent under extreme assumptions of climate risk, development assistance becomes a decisive factor for global climate stabilization under intermediate risk assumptions.

This fact sheet from the Stockholm Environment Institute outlines three energy scenarios from 2009 to 2050: a Baseline scenario (BAS) reflecting business-as-usual trends, a Basic Energy Access scenario (BEA) focusing on universal basic energy access and climate constraints, and a Shared Development Agenda scenario (SDA) which aims for more balanced global income distribution and extensive development in poor regions.

This policy brief, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute in partnership with the 3C initiative, examines the water-energy nexus within the context of a low-carbon transition. It highlights that while low-carbon electricity technologies are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, some may require as much or more water as fossil-fuel generation, potentially limiting their viability in water-stressed regions. The document provides a detailed case study of California to demonstrate how strategic technology choices—such as prioritizing solar photovoltaics over solar thermal and adopting dry-cooling systems—can simultaneously reduce emissions and water demand.

The 2021 Production Gap report by the Stockholm Environment Institute finds that global government plans for fossil fuel production in 2030 are more than double what is required to limit warming to 1.5°C. Despite net-zero pledges, most major producers plan to increase or maintain production, and G20 nations have provided more new funding to fossil fuels than clean energy since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This policy brief examines the formation and dynamics of the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India, and China) in the context of international climate change negotiations following COP15. It analyzes the group's shared goals, such as maintaining the principle of differentiated responsibility and advocating for developing country interests, while highlighting the significant material and economic differences between the four members that may challenge future cohesion.

This position paper, submitted to UNCSD2012 by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development (FBDS), outlines a global assessment on sustainable energy for all. It argues that energy access must evolve from basic poverty alleviation to supporting productive economic development while remaining within the 'safe operating space' of planetary boundaries to avoid catastrophic environmental disruption.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines consumption-based emissions (CBEs) within the European Union, highlighting that the EU is a net importer of CO2 emissions. It analyzes the environmental footprint of EU household consumption, evaluates current policy frameworks, and provides detailed case studies of Sweden, Denmark, and France to identify barriers and opportunities for mitigating CBEs.

This research synthesis briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) outlines the institute's work on sustainable consumption, production, and trade. It focuses on the development of consumption-based accounting tools to reveal the full environmental costs of goods and services, the role of government and business in driving sustainable behavior, and the vulnerabilities inherent in complex global supply chains.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the economic trade-offs of low-greenhouse-gas (GHG) consumption strategies in high-income countries, specifically focusing on the potential negative impacts on lower-income countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Using the United Kingdom as a primary example and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model, the authors find that shifting consumption from high-GHG goods to low-GHG services can reduce emissions but may disproportionately harm the GDP of poor exporting nations.

This document provides a detailed breakdown of climate finance flows to the Republic of the Marshall Islands between 2010 and 2014, detailing the amounts, sources, and policy objectives of the funding.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute proposes a new governance paradigm called "strategic resilience" to address the failures of traditional climate change adaptation. The authors argue that adaptation is currently hindered by its placement within relatively weak environment ministries and a narrow focus on territorial impacts. By relocating adaptation to the center of government and integrating it into a broader resilience agenda, states can better manage complex, cross-border climate risks and avoid a "securitization" approach dominated by defense logics.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute applies the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDR) framework to Sweden to determine its climate obligations. It argues that wealthy nations must accept a 'two-fold obligation'—deep domestic emission reductions and significant international financial and technological support—to ensure the global South can develop sustainably without exceeding a 2°C warming limit.

The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has introduced the Water Beyond Boundaries (WBB) initiative to address gaps in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). WBB seeks to create a new agenda for sustainable water planning by focusing on tele-connections beyond the watershed, early integration of ecosystem needs, and multi-scale participatory approaches to address social inequalities.

This fact sheet from Transforma provides a statistical overview of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted by June 2026, detailing emission reduction targets for developed countries, G20 members, and Latin American nations relative to global emissions.

This fact sheet by Trend Asia criticizes the April 2023 Initial Public Offering (IPO) of PT Trimegah Bangun Persada Tbk (NCKL), a subsidiary of Harita Group. The document alleges that the company's nickel mining and smelting operations on Obi Island cause severe environmental degradation, human rights violations through forced relocation, and workplace fatalities, while relying on coal-fired power plants that contradict international climate commitments.

A briefing by Trend Asia arguing that Indonesia's B50 and Bioethanol (E20) initiatives are unsustainable policies that prioritize oligarchic interests over ecological stability and human rights.

The document 'Questions and Answers for Investors on Climate Risk' by the World Resources Institute serves as a guide for global investors to understand and respond to financial risks and investment opportunities resulting from climate change.