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The SAVi assessment of the Bogotá River recovery project demonstrates that hybrid infrastructure—integrating nature-based interventions like wetland restoration with conventional systems—generated USD 349 million in net benefits. The project achieved a return of USD 1.27 for every USD 1 invested, primarily driven by USD 828 million in avoided flood damages and USD 554 million in value from improved water quality and ecosystem services.

The document outlines a projected economic transition for Africa by 2043, moving from raw commodity exports to a more balanced profile of manufactured goods and services. It emphasizes the role of urbanisation as a catalyst for growth, provided it is supported by resilient infrastructure. The 'Combined scenario' predicts a strategic rebalancing where manufacturing gains GDP share and agriculture becomes more commercialised and productive, despite a declining share of total GDP. Key enablers include ICT, renewable energy investment, and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

The SUNCASA project utilizes a monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) framework to track changes in gender and social inclusion norms among participants in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and South Africa. Using pre- and post-training surveys with Likert-style questions, the project recorded an 82% increase in participants' knowledge of GESI issues, exceeding its 50% target. The project emphasizes an intersectional approach to identify how learning outcomes vary by gender, age, and marginalized status, specifically noting significant gains in household power dynamic awareness among women in Kigali and social equity understanding among youth in Johannesburg.

Somalia’s National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2025–2030 provides a strategic roadmap to transition from climate planning to implementation. With a total estimated budget of USD 5.486 billion, the plan prioritizes adaptation across eight key sectors—including agriculture, water, and energy—while targeting a 34% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035. The framework emphasizes climate justice, gender equality, and conflict sensitivity, recognizing climate change as a "threat multiplier" in Somalia's fragile socio-political context.

The assessment finds that nature-based solutions (NbS) in Kigali—including afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, and urban tree planting—are economically viable, with a discounted benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.09 and cumulative net benefits of RWF 17,039 million from 2025 to 2050. The primary economic driver is the avoidance of flood damage to infrastructure, valued at RWF 17,311 million, alongside significant intangible benefits from reduced water pollution and carbon sequestration. Sensitivity analyses indicate that higher valuations for carbon and water pollution further increase the project's economic viability, with BCRs reaching up to 2.94.

The document addresses the financing gap for urban Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in India, where investment remains heavily dependent on public funds. It proposes a three-step guidance framework: identifying the enabling policy environment, leveraging financial and business mechanisms, and applying a nine-factor project evaluation framework. The guide maps existing Indian national and sub-national policies—including forestry, water, and infrastructure schemes—that can be leveraged for NbS. It also catalogues various financial instruments (such as municipal bonds, green bonds, and blended finance) and business models (including carbon credits and user-pay systems) to improve project bankability. A repository of nine global and domestic case studies, such as Chennai's municipal bonds for stormwater drainage and Chicago's Tax Increment Financing for green roofs, illustrates replicable approaches for Indian urban contexts.

The Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) reports significant growth in 2025, expanding to over 90 partner organizations. Key activities included launching several innovation challenges—such as the RISE Urban Challenge and the TECH 4 Resilience Challenge—and establishing the Mobilising Business for Resilience (MBR) platform with the IFC to address the adaptation finance gap. The GRP also co-managed the Resilience Hub and launched the Climate Resilience Awards for Business with the WBCSD.

The document details the three main priorities for COP30 in Belém: closing the ambition gap for 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to limit warming to 1.5ºC, mobilizing $1.3 trillion annually for developing countries by 2035, and concluding the global adaptation indicators program. It also highlights the launch of the Tropical Forest Forever Fund (TFFF) led by Brazil to protect forests through innovative financing, and a broader global action agenda focusing on renewable energy, just transition, and urban resilience.

Albania has transitioned from foundational planning to active implementation of its National Adaptation Plan, with completed measures rising from 15% in the first cycle to 50% by 2025. Significant progress was noted in local adaptation planning, where seven of eight municipalities integrated plans into budgets, and in the establishment of a monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) system. However, the report identifies critical gaps in domestic financing, fragmented data collection, and uneven inclusivity, particularly in the health sector. While international funding from the EU, World Bank, and GCF provides essential support for agriculture, energy, and urban resilience, a substantial financing gap remains across most sectors, with total estimated needs reaching approximately USD 9.8 billion.

Risk pooling aggregates risks to reduce reinsurance costs and secure liquidity, typically using a joint reserve for first losses and transferring higher risks to global markets. The document outlines the roles of commercial and concessional instruments, the progression from minimum to advanced implementation, and the financial impact of subsidies and pool diversification.

The policy brief highlights the critical role of local governments in Africa and the Global South as implementers of climate adaptation, mitigation, and biodiversity goals. It identifies systemic barriers—including severe finance gaps, technical capacity constraints, and data deficiencies—that hinder municipal action. The authors recommend that South Africa's 2025 G20 presidency establish a multi-level climate governance declaration, a dedicated local climate action forum, and a specialized finance access facility to empower subnational governments as equal partners in global climate governance.

The report assesses the progress of 40 adaptation interventions across various sectors in Ethiopia, finding that nearly 67% of the 64 associated indicators lack current data for tracking. While the health sector shows strong implementation and monitoring, the water, energy, and urban sectors suffer from significant data gaps and institutional capacity constraints. The analysis highlights a critical lack of gender-sensitive indicators, with only six of 64 being gender-sensitive, and recommends expanding the NDC's scope to include the financial, labour affairs, industry, and education sectors to address heat stress and financial exclusion.

The document asserts that Johannesburg's efforts to implement 4IR initiatives, such as its Smart City Strategy, are hindered by systemic governance weaknesses, including political instability and administrative inefficiency. It highlights specific urban challenges in transport, pedestrian safety, and waste management, proposing 4IR solutions like real-time data analytics and blockchain transparency. Drawing on a case study of Medellín, Colombia, the brief recommends shifting toward participatory budgeting, digital land registries, and integrated transport systems to ensure technological advancements reduce inequality and improve urban resilience.

Campinas, Brazil, launched its Local Climate Action Plan (PLAC) in June 2024, aiming for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The plan utilizes an integrated approach that connects climate priorities with social inclusion and nature, supported by a roadmap of approximately 130 short-term activities to ensure feasibility through 2032. To avoid governance gaps, the city established the Municipal Committee for Coping with Climate Change Impacts, which includes deliberative, consultative, and participative groups. Key immediate priorities include expanding 150 km of cycling infrastructure by 2030 and aligning climate targets with the 2026–2029 Multi-Year Plan (PPA) budget cycle.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) examines the complex nexus of climate change, migration, and justice. It argues that climate change acts as a risk multiplier that interacts with socio-economic and political factors rather than being a sole driver of migration. The document identifies eight key challenges—including the oversimplification of the climate-conflict-migration link, the risks of instrumentalizing migration as adaptation, and the impacts of slow-onset events—and proposes interdisciplinary, rights-based solutions. SEI highlights its strengths in analyzing transboundary climate impacts, conducting grounded comparative research to shift power dynamics, and fostering global cooperation for sustainable livelihoods through tools like AidAtlas and Trase.

African cities face extreme climate vulnerability, with 83% rated at 'extreme risk', yet they are largely bypassed by the global climate financial architecture. The document highlights that while cities generate 80% of global GDP and are first responders in disasters, they are not parties to international conventions like the UNFCCC. It urges cities to conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments—including non-economic loss and damage—and to leverage city networks and multi-level governance to access the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), the Warsaw International Mechanism, and the Santiago Network. The brief recommends that national governments integrate urban loss and damage into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to improve funding access and implementation.

The report examines the landscape of urban resilience solutions in informal contexts across the Global South, finding that while diverse solutions exist, most are in early development stages. It highlights the critical role of philanthropic and research grants for early-stage testing and notes that these interventions often yield co-benefits in sustainable development, health, and gender equity.

The report examines how 13 global cities are evolving their climate adaptation measurement strategies, moving from simple output tracking to outcome-based evaluations. It highlights the importance of collaborative governance, the need for structured internal knowledge management to prevent the loss of institutional memory, and the integration of community-centric approaches to ensure equity and inclusivity. The document identifies systemic challenges such as data silos, resource constraints, and legal restrictions like GDPR, while proposing strategies to strengthen data infrastructure and foster a culture of continuous learning.

The document advocates for the G20 to promote participatory processes in climate adaptation planning at the subnational level, particularly for water resource management in the Global South, to ensure long-term public commitment and inclusive governance.

The paper argues for a shift in climate services from a product-oriented approach to a transdisciplinary knowledge co-production process centered on collaborative learning, drawing on six years of experience from the FRACTAL project in southern African cities.