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The document argues that large-scale investment in natural infrastructure lags because research often focuses on broad valuations rather than specific business cases. It proposes a five-step approach for project champions—starting with a driver, identifying a lead beneficiary, developing a pitch, establishing partnerships, and securing catalyst funding—to bridge the gap between feasibility and finance. For funders, it recommends supporting targeted research, convening beneficiaries, helping projects achieve scale, and providing dedicated predevelopment support.

The paper advocates for a shift from public-private partnerships (PPPs) to an 'infrastructure business' model based on stewardship. It suggests that PPPs lack the flexibility needed for a changing world, citing the efficiency of PAYGO solar systems over traditional grids. To ensure these businesses align with community needs, the author proposes four management tools: requiring periodic master plans, using impact management frameworks like the Impact Management Project (IMP), ensuring independence in decision-making, and enhancing accountability through open data and transparency initiatives such as CoST and GRESB.

The document presents a scenario in Kul-Bayne, Ethiopia, where drought and resource scarcity threaten livelihoods. It outlines a series of proposed resilience measures developed by an Environmental Management Officer, including improved meteorological liaison, community radio weather forecasts, water-saving technologies, women-focused savings and loan schemes, bio-fertiliser kitchen gardens, and disaster risk reduction networks to protect vulnerable populations during heatwaves.

The document outlines a simulation where a government worker in Kul-Bayne develops a climate adaptation plan focusing on drought and heatwave resilience. The proposed plan includes improving meteorological liaison, partnering with community radio for forecasts, accessing water-saving technologies, establishing loan schemes for women, creating kitchen gardens, and organizing disaster risk reduction support networks for vulnerable populations.

The document highlights that Malawi loses approximately 1.7% of its GDP annually to droughts and floods, a rate significantly higher than the average for Least Developed Countries. It advocates for a 'triple dividend' approach to resilience—avoided losses, unlocked development potential, and co-benefits—noting that benefit-cost ratios for such investments can range from 3:1 to 50:1. The brief provides evidence from infrastructure, social protection, and climate-smart agriculture to support the claim that proactive resilience is more cost-effective than humanitarian aid.

The report details an Integrated Vulnerability Assessment (IVA) for the Funafuti community, identifying critical vulnerabilities in water security, coastal erosion, and income security. It employs a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) to align community-identified 'lived' experiences with technical 'learned' perspectives from a Technical Working Group (TWG). Key findings highlight the inadequacy of household water tanks and the severe impact of coastal erosion on housing. The document serves as a foundational input for Tuvalu's National Adaptation Plan (NAP), emphasizing the need for hard shoreline protection, enforcement of building codes for water storage, and improved disaster evacuation facilities.

The paper analyzes how Bangladesh, Malabon City (Philippines), and Cartagena (Colombia) have integrated climate adaptation into coastal development to bridge the 'implementation gap' between planning and action. It identifies key success factors including political will, legislative mandates, access to credible climate data, and the allocation of domestic funding. While Bangladesh has seen significant reductions in cyclone casualties and Colombia has leveraged private sector leadership, challenges such as political instability, fragmented information, and insufficient funding persist across the studied regions.

The report examines how secondary cities in the Global South navigate sustainability transitions using a multi-level governance framework. Through eight case studies, it analyzes the roles of national, provincial, and local governments, private sector actors, and community-based organizations. The findings highlight that while disasters often trigger local action, a lack of financial autonomy and institutional coordination frequently hinders the scaling of pilot projects. The report argues for a shift from purely participative to collaborative governance to improve inclusivity and sustainability outcomes.

The document examines the causes of annual flooding in Accra, Ghana, and advocates for the integration of nature-based solutions, specifically ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), alongside traditional infrastructure. It highlights the need for coordinated management across municipal and district assemblies to address shared waterways and drainage systems.

The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process is a strategic framework established in 2010 under the Cancun Adaptation Framework to help developing countries identify and address medium- and long-term climate adaptation priorities. It moves beyond ad hoc projects to embed adaptation into national development planning, budgeting, and decision-making. The process consists of three broad phases—planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E)—supported by enabling factors such as financing and capacity development. It is distinct from National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), which focused on urgent short-term needs, and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), though it can operationalize the adaptation commitments within NDCs. The document emphasizes that a NAP is both a process and a document, and that effective processes must be country-driven, gender-responsive, and inclusive of the private sector and sub-national actors.

The report assesses the alignment of Nepal's climate, disaster risk, and sustainable development policies within a new federal governance structure. It identifies six key entry points for alignment: institutional arrangements, existing policy synergies, capacity building, information-sharing mechanisms, implementation and financing strategies, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks. The document argues that strategic alignment will increase coherence, efficiency, and effectiveness in achieving climate-resilient development goals.

The document defines the NAP process as a strategic approach for countries to identify and respond to medium- and long-term climate adaptation priorities. It outlines the transition from short-term project-based interventions to systemic integration of adaptation into national development planning and budgeting. The process consists of a continuous cycle of planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E), supported by technical guidelines from the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LDCEG). The text emphasizes that a NAP is both a document and a process, highlighting the importance of vertical integration between national and subnational levels, gender responsiveness, and private sector engagement. It further clarifies the synergy between NAPs, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

The document investigates the integration of the private sector into Vietnam's National Adaptation Plan (NAP). It highlights that while the private sector is a critical source of funding and innovation, current policies often view businesses as entities to be managed rather than partners. The report identifies significant gaps in climate risk awareness and financial resilience among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and proposes specific strategies, including public-private partnerships (PPPs), green bonds, and tailored insurance products, to incentivize private investment in climate adaptation across various economic sectors.

The report finds that 44% of the 330 climate adaptation actions in the KJIP are underway or complete, indicating that implementation is generally on track. While strategies related to governance, health, education, and disaster risk management show strong progress, others—particularly those concerning finance, sovereignty, and the private sector—suffer from low implementation and reporting rates due to capacity constraints and competing priorities in executive agencies.

The report advocates for the transformation of information and knowledge management (IKM) to support climate action, specifically targeting donors, knowledge professionals, and data scientists. While focused on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe, it proposes that its technological and methodological approaches are applicable globally across various sectors including mitigation and ecological conservation.

The document argues for bridging the gap between climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), noting that while both aim to reduce the impacts of extreme events and build resilience, they are currently hindered by fragmented policy communities, separate funding sources, and incompatible technical language. It advocates for better coherence between these fields to support a resilient green recovery in Europe following the coronavirus pandemic.

The document examines the use of Bhungroo, an innovative rainwater harvesting system, to support underprivileged female farmers in Gujarat, India. By providing women with ownership of the technology and the technical skills to manage it, the initiative has improved agricultural productivity, reduced groundwater salinity, and increased women's decision-making power and social status. The project has reached over 20,000 marginal farmers and contributed to the reverse migration of approximately 6,100 farmers back to rural areas.

The document highlights the success of the Basundhara Forum, a 148-member women-led cooperative in Bangladesh's Gopalganj district. By combining technical training in alternative livelihoods and disaster-risk reduction with leadership and organisational skills, the forum has increased members' incomes and confidence. By 2015, 80 percent of the forum's women were self-sufficient. Beyond economic gains, these forums enable women to participate in participatory vulnerability assessments and gender-sensitive adaptation planning, while advocating for their needs with local government officials.

The document outlines the critical role of up-to-date data in understanding Earth processes and managing climate risks. It highlights the use of LiDAR for flood mapping via the 3-Dimensional Elevation Program, the importance of NOAA's hydrologic and coastal data, and the role of the Earth Prediction Innovation Center in extreme weather forecasting. It also emphasizes the value of NASA and NOAA's planetary-scale satellite observations and the potential for artificial intelligence to enhance disaster prediction and community resilience through the proposed National AI Initiative.

The report finds that global adaptation finance is dominated by public development finance, with a heavy concentration in water and wastewater management. While finance often aligns with the most vulnerable sectors in specific countries like Pakistan, Zambia, and Niger, significant funding gaps remain relative to Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets. The authors highlight critical data gaps in private sector and domestic public finance and recommend the use of new datasets from the Climate Bonds Initiative and CDP to improve tracking accuracy.