building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0-0e73847e2d218ce0.pdf

This World Resources Institute working paper examines how Bangladesh, the Philippines (specifically Malabon City), and Colombia (specifically Cartagena) have integrated climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction (DRR) into coastal development planning to bridge the 'implementation gap' between policy and action.

• Bangladesh has significantly reduced cyclone casualties through the integration of DRR and adaptation, such as enhancing early warning systems and constructing 2,000 evacuation shelters following Cyclone Sidr in 2007.
• Bangladesh utilizes domestic funding mechanisms, including the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF), spending over $1.5 billion of its own resources on adaptation and DRR, with the BCCTF providing nearly $500 million.
• In Malabon City, Philippines, the integration of adaptation into urban planning was facilitated by the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, which mandates that local government units allocate at least 5% of estimated revenue to DRR and adaptation plans.
• Malabon City implemented concrete resilience measures through partnerships with Partners for Resilience (PfR), including planting trees along riverbanks and a project starting in 2018 to plant 50,000 mangrove trees.
• Cartagena, Colombia, developed 'Plan 4C: A Competitive and Climate Compatible Cartagena' as a 2040 vision, driven largely by the private sector's recognition that climate change threatens economic competitiveness.
• Cartagena's municipality declared a 'calamidad pública' (public disaster) in May 2018, which enabled the allocation of approximately 160 million Colombian pesos (about 9% of the 2019 district budget) for coastal erosion infrastructure.
• Common enabling factors across all three cases include the presence of national laws mandating adaptation integration, sustained leadership (political, community, or private sector), and access to credible climate information and vulnerability assessments.
• A 'whole-of-government approach' is identified as essential for closing the implementation gap, requiring coordination across all ministries and sectors rather than relying solely on adaptation specialists.
• Persistent challenges to mainstreaming include political instability leading to high staff turnover, fragmented information systems, and insufficient funding for large-scale infrastructure projects.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0-0e73847e2d218ce0.pdf. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0.pdf?_gl=1*yab8vn*_gcl_au*MTYzMDE1Nzg3LjE3MjU1NTA3NDQ.*_ga*NjQ4MzI1LjE3MDk2NjQ5NDY.*_ga_LM9LVY10E1*MTczMDIxMDMwNC40MC4xLjE3MzAyMTA5OTIuMy4wLjA.

Chicago

World Resources Institute. building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0-0e73847e2d218ce0.pdf. n.d. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0.pdf?_gl=1*yab8vn*_gcl_au*MTYzMDE1Nzg3LjE3MjU1NTA3NDQ.*_ga*NjQ4MzI1LjE3MDk2NjQ5NDY.*_ga_LM9LVY10E1*MTczMDIxMDMwNC40MC4xLjE3MzAyMTA5OTIuMy4wLjA.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0-0e73847e2d218ce0.pdf |url=https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0.pdf?_gl=1*yab8vn*_gcl_au*MTYzMDE1Nzg3LjE3MjU1NTA3NDQ.*_ga*NjQ4MzI1LjE3MDk2NjQ5NDY.*_ga_LM9LVY10E1*MTczMDIxMDMwNC40MC4xLjE3MzAyMTA5OTIuMy4wLjA. |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendbuildingcoastalresiliencebangladeshphilippinescolombia00e73847e2d218ce0pdf, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia\_0-0e73847e2d218ce0.pdf}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/building-coastal-resilience-bangladesh-philippines-colombia_0.pdf?_gl=1*yab8vn*_gcl_au*MTYzMDE1Nzg3LjE3MjU1NTA3NDQ.*_ga*NjQ4MzI1LjE3MDk2NjQ5NDY.*_ga_LM9LVY10E1*MTczMDIxMDMwNC40MC4xLjE3MzAyMTA5OTIuMy4wLjA.}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }