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This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and The Brookings Institution argues that North American carbon credit markets are currently fragmented and unreliable, calling for increased integration and a common infrastructure to support sustainable growth and private sector investment.

The report explores how Africa can 'leapfrog' traditional development stages by adopting decentralised renewable energy, mobile-first digital infrastructure, and AI. It highlights the success of mobile money (e.g., M-Pesa) and the potential for solar mini-grids to close the energy gap. A projected 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario suggests that by 2050, such strategic investments could increase GDP per capita by US$510, reduce extreme poverty by 63 million people, and expand the overall economy by nearly US$1 trillion compared to current trends.

The research paper describes the 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario for Africa, an optimistic development pathway benchmarked against South Asia and South America. The scenario models the impact of strategic investments in renewable energy and digital infrastructure to accelerate human development and economic productivity by 2050.

This introductory report from the Institute for Security Studies examines the critical role of large-scale infrastructure in Africa's economic development. It highlights a persistent infrastructure deficit that hinders GDP growth and productivity, while positioning the closing of this gap as a catalyst for structural transformation and poverty reduction, particularly in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

This research paper examines the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to enable technological leapfrogging in Africa. It highlights the economic opportunities, specific sector applications—particularly in tax administration and agriculture—and the critical infrastructure and policy requirements needed to realize these gains, including the AI 10 Billion Initiative.

This report describes the 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario, a model designed to analyze the impact of increased infrastructure investment on Africa's development through 2050. The scenario emphasizes the synergy between large-scale renewable energy, off-grid solutions, and ICT to drive economic transformation and human welfare.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the energy access gap in Africa and the potential for 'leapfrogging' traditional fossil-fuel grids in favor of decentralized renewable energy systems, specifically solar-based mini-grids and off-grid solutions.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines how frontier technologies—such as drones, the Internet of Things (IoT), and small-scale satellites—enable developing countries, particularly in Africa, to leapfrog traditional, costly infrastructure requirements in agriculture, healthcare, and environmental monitoring.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines how corruption, political interference, and governance failures have hindered large-scale energy infrastructure projects in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo, specifically focusing on coal power stations and hydropower schemes.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the role of mobile technology and broadband in Africa's technological leapfrogging. It details the shift from fixed-line to mobile networks, the impact of mobile broadband on poverty reduction, and the emergence of satellite internet solutions to bridge connectivity gaps in remote areas.

This research paper examines the 'fintech revolution' in Africa, detailing how mobile and digital technologies have allowed the continent to leapfrog traditional banking systems to achieve greater financial inclusion and economic growth.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes infrastructure spending and financing in Africa, highlighting a significant gap between current investment levels and the needs driven by rapid population growth. It details the dominance of public and development funding, the constraints imposed by rising sovereign debt, the modest role of private investment, and the declining trend in development finance disbursements.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the economic and social impacts of a 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario for Africa through 2050, comparing it against a 'Current Path' baseline.

This research paper introduces the concept of development leapfrogging within the African context, exploring how the continent can bypass intermediate stages of industrial development by adopting advanced technologies in sectors such as energy, finance, and agriculture.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the historical drivers of Africa's infrastructure deficit, tracing it from colonial-era extractive designs through post-independence policy failures, macroeconomic crises, and recent trends in urban and railway investment.

This research paper examines how technological leapfrogging, specifically through digital ID systems and mobile payment platforms, can facilitate the incremental formalisation of Africa's large informal economy to increase productivity and domestic revenue mobilisation.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the state of large-scale infrastructure in Africa, highlighting a gap between improving development scores and persistent financing deficits. It analyzes the roles of Chinese investment via the Belt and Road Initiative, the impact of pan-African initiatives like PIDA, and the transition toward green, climate-resilient infrastructure.

This research paper analyzes the projected impact of the 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario on government infrastructure spending in Africa between 2020 and 2050, comparing it to a 'Current Path' forecast.

This evidence brief, produced as part of the NBSPLUS project, introduces a social impact framework designed to help local planners and policymakers intentionally design, govern, and assess the societal wellbeing benefits of nature-based solutions (NbS).

This concept note from the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) outlines a discussion for the 'Economic Justice Matters' series regarding South Africa's monetary policy. It critiques the South African Reserve Bank's (SARB) restrictive interest-rate cycle and its shift toward a lower inflation target, arguing that such policies may sacrifice sustainable growth and employment to prioritize price stability, especially when inflation is driven by global supply shocks rather than domestic demand.