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The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment executive summary reports that global gross deforestation in 2022 exceeded the trajectory required to eliminate deforestation by 2030, despite progress in over 50 countries and specific reductions in Indonesia and Malaysia.

This document provides the technical annexes for the 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment, detailing the definitions, regional aggregations, and methodologies used to track forest loss, degradation, restoration, and biodiversity. It includes a specific data table comparing 2022 deforestation levels against a 2018-2020 baseline for 30 high-impact countries.

The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment executive summary reports that the world is off track to stop and reverse deforestation and degradation by 2030, despite some individual national successes. It highlights a critical gap in funding, a lack of corporate and financial accountability, and the need for a radical transformation of economic models to value standing forests over short-term extraction.

This executive summary evaluates global progress toward the 2030 goals of ending and reversing deforestation and forest degradation. It reports that global gross deforestation in 2022 exceeded the necessary trajectory for 2030 targets, highlighting a critical gap between ambitious commitments and actual financial and political action.

This executive summary evaluates global progress toward the 2030 goals of halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation. It reports that the world is currently off track, with significant gross deforestation and primary forest loss in 2022, despite some regional successes and an increase in tropical reforestation. The document highlights a critical gap in funding, a lack of transparency in data, and the need for a radical transformation of economic models to prioritize long-term forest value over short-term gains from extraction.

This executive summary evaluates global progress toward the 2030 goals of stopping and reversing deforestation and degradation. It highlights a critical gap between current financial investments and the scale of the crisis, noting that while some countries and companies show leadership, global trends remain alarming, with significant losses in primary tropical forests and a lack of transparency in restoration and corporate reporting.

The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment executive summary reports that the world is off track to halt and reverse deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, citing a 2022 global gross deforestation of 6.6 million hectares. While some countries and regions, such as tropical Asia, show progress, the report highlights a critical lack of funding, transparency, and accountability among governments, companies, and financial institutions.

The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment provides recommendations for governments, companies, and financial institutions to shift the global forest trajectory toward the 2030 forest goals. It emphasizes the need for a radical transformation of economic models, increased data transparency, the redirection of finance from harmful to protective activities, and the adoption of rights-based governance that prioritizes Indigenous Peoples and local communities.

A study of soy farmers in Brazil's Matopiba region finds that land-use decisions are driven by profit and legal permissiveness rather than sustainability, leading to the erasure of the biodiverse Cerrado savanna. The authors conclude that voluntary conservation efforts are insufficient and that strict regulatory enforcement and supply-chain requirements are necessary to prevent further deforestation.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes Bill PL nº 36/2021, which proposes substantial changes to the Brazilian Forest Code. The authors argue that the bill effectively dismantles the current legal framework by extending amnesty for illegal deforestation, suspending environmental fines and embargos, and weakening the validation process of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR).

This report by the NewClimate Institute evaluates the role of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in transitioning the land sector toward Paris Agreement goals. It argues that current frameworks and strategies are insufficient, often prioritizing economic development and efficiency over transformative climate action, and identifies significant gaps in climate safeguards for projects in specific countries.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021, categorizing forest loss by land tenure to identify priority areas for federal and state government intervention.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the financing landscape for highway and railroad projects in Brazil's North Region and nationwide between 2012 and 2021. It identifies a heavy reliance on public funding, particularly from the federal government and BNDES, while noting a growing but still limited role for private capital via incentivized debentures. The report emphasizes that infrastructure in the Amazon is a primary driver of deforestation and calls for strengthened governance, increased transparency, and rigorous socio-environmental criteria to ensure that future investments do not cause further ecological damage.

This document is an annex to the 2022 Regional Assessment by the Forest Declaration Assessment, focusing on tracking progress toward forest goals in the Congo Basin. It details a monitoring framework consisting of 50 indicators across four themes—forest goals, sustainable production and development, forest financing, and forest governance—and provides a comparative summary of the laws, governing entities, and policies used to address deforestation in Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo.

This document is a regional annex to the 2022 Forest Declaration Assessment, focusing on the Congo Basin. It details a comprehensive evaluation framework consisting of 50 indicators across four themes—forest goals, sustainable production and development, forest finance, and forest governance—designed to monitor progress in forest legality and governance based on Chatham House methodology.

The 2022 Regional Assessment by the Forest Declaration Assessment evaluates progress toward ending deforestation and land degradation by 2030 in the Congo Basin. While the region has historically low deforestation rates and serves as the tropics' largest net carbon sink, 2021 saw a jump in forest loss. The report highlights a gap between high-level political commitments and concrete implementation, noting that only Gabon and the Republic of the Congo are currently on track to meet the required annual reduction in forest cover loss.

This executive summary from the 2022 Forest Declaration Assessment evaluates progress toward ending deforestation in the Congo Basin. It highlights a concerning increase in forest loss in 2021, the critical role of the region as a global carbon sink, and the systemic governance and financial gaps that hinder the achievement of 2030 targets.

This report by Trend Asia analyzes the environmental risks associated with PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara's (PLN) co-firing policy, which mixes biomass with coal in power plants. The author argues that the massive land requirements for energy plantation forests (HTE) to supply wood pellets will likely lead to significant deforestation, contradicting Indonesia's climate commitments.

Trend Asia reports that PT PLN's plan for 10% biomass co-firing in 107 coal power plants could drive massive deforestation in Indonesia. The report estimates a need for up to 2.33 million hectares of energy wood plantations, which, based on historical trends, could result in the loss of over 1 million hectares of natural forest. It highlights contradictions in Indonesia's climate targets and argues that biomass is not a carbon-neutral energy source due to the resulting 'carbon debt'.

The State of Climate Action 2022 report assesses progress across 40 indicators of systemwide transformation required to limit global warming to 1.5°C, finding that none of these indicators are currently on track to meet their 2030 targets.