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The report identifies approximately 300 international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) under the Global Climate Action Agenda, noting that Nordic countries are highly active participants, with 62% of these initiatives involving at least one Nordic country. It argues that while these initiatives vary in scale and transparency, they are critical for bridging the estimated 32 Gigaton emissions gap by 2030 required to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The analysis highlights seven specific initiatives—including the Under2 Coalition and the New York Declaration on Forests—as high-potential areas for Nordic leadership and support, aligned with the 2019 Declaration on Nordic Carbon Neutrality.

The document defines ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) as the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services to help people adapt to climate change. It highlights that marine and coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves, are often missing from climate response measures and need better integration into national policies and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). A specific project involving Tanzania, Seychelles, Mozambique, and South Africa aims to address barriers to EbA—including finance, policy alignment, and capacity building—through research and peer learning.

A joint statement by civil society organizations challenging the claims of the International Hydropower Association that large dams are 'clean and green' solutions for the Paris Climate Agreement and UN SDGs. The authors demand a redirection of funding from large-scale hydro to decentralized renewables and the legal protection of free-flowing rivers.

The We Mean Business coalition, representing nearly 900 global companies, calls on Japan to establish a clear path to net-zero domestic emissions by 2050. The coalition argues that clear, long-term government policies are necessary to provide businesses with the confidence to invest in zero-carbon technologies and avoid stranded assets. To achieve this, they recommend that Japan implement quantitative decarbonization targets across all sectors, prioritize renewable energy deployment, phase out coal, introduce carbon pricing, and support green finance.

The report examines adaptation activities across 18 developing countries' NDC Partnership Plans, identifying critical gaps in climate risk assessments, project design, and M&E systems. It argues that these short-term plans can be leveraged to align NDC pledges with the more detailed NAP processes to improve climate resilience planning and implementation.

The paper examines seven small island developing states to determine if their NDCs align with national development plans. It finds that while NDC actions generally relate to development themes, the sectors identified as climate priorities are too narrow and exclude key development areas such as governance, health, and education, thereby missing opportunities for policy coherence and resilience.

The proposal outlines a USD 499,654 project implemented by the FAO over 18 months to support Azerbaijan's climate goals. It focuses on three main areas: analyzing current policies and initiatives in the agriculture and LULUCF sectors, developing a gender-responsive investment plan and feasibility studies for climate technologies, and supporting the accreditation of a national entity for direct access to GCF funding. The project aims to address gaps in institutional and financial capacity, low private sector engagement, and the need for specific technology solutions to meet NDC targets, including a 35% overall GHG emission reduction by 2030.

The Interinstitutional Working Group on Inclusive Green Economy in Uruguay, supported by GIZ and the PAGE initiative, has empowered government officials as 'change agents' to mainstream inclusive green economy (IGE) principles across various ministries. Through capacity-building in project and change management, the group coordinated specific environmental projects—such as tire reuse, industrial competitiveness in the St. Lucia Basin, and a green tourism label—and promoted green public management within government agencies. These efforts contributed to Uruguay becoming a PAGE country in 2017 and improved the management of international commitments like the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.

The document explains the greenhouse effect and the role of human activities in increasing radiative forcing, noting that global warming has reached approximately 1°C since pre-industrial times. It details the global emissions profile by sector and the projected risks associated with 1.5°C versus 2°C warming, emphasizing that the latter significantly increases risks to human health, food security, and biodiversity. The text outlines the evolution of international climate governance from the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). To limit warming to 1.5°C, the document argues for a transformative shift in the energy mix by 2050, including a drastic reduction in fossil fuel consumption and a move toward renewable energy and carbon dioxide removal technologies.

The document argues that the rapporteur's proposal for MPV 867/2018 introduces drastic changes to Law 12.651/2012 that could paralyze environmental regularization, increase legal uncertainty, and incentivize illegal deforestation. Key concerns include shifting the responsibility for PRA adherence from landowners to state agencies, altering Legal Reserve calculations to be based on existing native vegetation rather than total property area, and creating a new legal regime for specific biomes that may not guarantee ecosystem integrity.

The report outlines outcomes from an event held during Africa Climate Week 2019 in Ghana, focusing on scaling up resilience in African agriculture. It emphasizes the need for nature-based solutions, the centrality of smallholder farmers, and the urgent requirement for climate finance to reach local levels, particularly in least developed countries. The document proposes specific actions for the UN Secretary-General's Climate Action Summit, including halting land degradation, implementing early warning-early action systems, and integrating climate risk analysis into National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).

The document discusses the economic challenges of deploying clean energy mini-grids in Africa, noting high upfront costs and low revenues from poor customers. It aims to provide policymakers and donors with a toolkit of retail tariff and subsidy options to make mini-grids more profitable and sustainable for private investors.

The document outlines how countries can coordinate policy processes across different global agendas to improve coherence and efficiency in climate-resilient development. It identifies the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process as a key connecting point and details the enabling factors, objective-setting steps, and practical entry points necessary for successful alignment.

The document outlines a framework for aligning national policies to achieve climate-resilient development, emphasizing the role of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) as a connecting mechanism. It identifies key enabling factors—institutional arrangements, information exchange, and capacity development—and provides a four-step process for defining alignment objectives. The briefing also offers a set of diagnostic questions to help countries identify viable entry points for policy integration, such as aligning NAPs with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) or disaster risk reduction strategies.

The document provides practical guidance for countries to align their national policy processes to achieve climate-resilient development. It emphasizes the role of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) as a key link between international commitments and operational implementation. The briefing outlines the relationships between global programs and national policies, identifies enabling factors such as institutional arrangements and capacity building, and proposes a four-step approach to defining alignment goals. It also provides a framework of key questions to help countries identify entry points for alignment across synergies, process mapping, and financing.

The International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation (ICSA) advocates for the strict adoption of the Emissions Unit Criteria (EUCs) to maintain the environmental integrity of CORSIA. The coalition warns that allowing double-counted emissions credits—where reductions are claimed by both airlines and host countries—would increase global emissions. ICSA recommends a vintage date restriction for eligible units to projects starting in 2020 or later to avoid the use of low-quality accumulated credits. Additionally, the letter demands greater transparency for the Technical Advisory Body (TAB), including public membership lists, conflict-of-interest declarations, and open meetings to prevent secret deals and ensure fair program eligibility assessments.

The text examines Kenya's energy transition, focusing on the shift toward private-sector participation in the geothermal power sector and the effort to modernize the cooking sector to increase the sustainability of charcoal use.

The Union of Concerned Scientists' comparison of ExxonMobil's 2018 and 2019 climate reports finds that the company relies on unchanged energy demand assumptions and maintains a belief that the world will fail to meet Paris Agreement temperature goals. The analysis highlights inconsistencies in how the company describes methane reduction efforts, a lack of detailed low-carbon investment breakdowns, and the use of problematic graphs to suggest alignment with IPCC scenarios. While ExxonMobil acknowledges for the first time that its fossil fuel products are part of the climate problem, it continues to emphasize uncertainty regarding the pace of the global energy transition.

The document outlines the progressive emergence of human rights as a crosscutting issue within UN climate governance since 2010. It details specific references in the Cancun Agreements and the Paris Agreement, the role of UNFCCC constituted bodies in applying human rights standards, and the extent to which State Parties have included human rights in their national reports and Nationally Determined Contributions.

The Japanese green bond market reached a cumulative issuance of 9.7 billion USD by 2018, ranking 10th globally. The market is primarily driven by financial institutions and large corporations, with a strong concentration in the building and energy sectors. While the public sector remains relatively inactive, the report identifies significant opportunities for expansion in low-carbon housing, sustainable transport, and resilient infrastructure to support Japan's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).