Search Climate Insights Directory

This report by Ember analyzes the impact of a March 2026 escalation of conflict in the Middle East on European energy prices. It highlights how the resulting spike in gas prices increased the EU's fossil import bill and electricity costs, while demonstrating that countries with lower reliance on gas-fired power, such as Spain, are more resilient to such shocks.

This policy brief, published by the Nordic Council of Ministers, addresses the vulnerability of Nordic countries to transboundary climate risks (TCRs) affecting their economy and food supplies, highlighting gaps in business preparedness and national policy.

This policy brief analyzes consumption-based emission estimation in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. It highlights that while territorial tracking is standard, consumption-based approaches are necessary to address embodied emissions from global supply chains and food production. Key barriers include data collection challenges and a lack of detailed guidance in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for cities (GPC).

The Nordic countries have established basic adaptation policy cycles but lack the comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment systems needed to move beyond operating "in the dark," particularly regarding transboundary risks. Adaptation is characterized by a mainstreaming approach but suffers from low political priority, insufficient funding compared to mitigation, and a lack of economic incentives or penalizing measures. While there is awareness of the need for synergy with other goals like the SDGs, adaptation remains largely siloed.

This report, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, examines transboundary climate risks—indirect, cross-border impacts of climate change—and provides guidance for Nordic governments and business leaders to enhance adaptation and resilience through regional and international cooperation.

The Nordic sustainable bond market reached a cumulative volume of USD 88.2bn by the end of 2020, representing 5% of the global Green, Social, and Sustainability (GSS) market. Green bonds dominate the region, accounting for 96% of the total GSS volume, with Sweden leading in issuance. The market is characterized by high transparency, with 99% of volume benefiting from external reviews and a strong presence of corporate and public sector issuers.

This report by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the participation of Nordic stakeholders in the Global Climate Action Agenda (GCAA), identifying approximately 300 international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) and highlighting seven specific initiatives where Nordic leadership could accelerate climate action both globally and domestically.

This fact sheet details a EUR 750 million green bond issued by La Banque Postale on April 4, 2019, with a 10-year tenor. The proceeds are dedicated to financing or refinancing 47 renewable energy loans, specifically focusing on wind and solar projects.

BBVA issued a EUR1bn green bond on May 14, 2018, under its SDGs Framework, marking the first such issuance by a Spanish bank. The proceeds are primarily allocated to renewable energy (83%), with smaller portions for sustainable transport, water/waste management, and energy efficiency. The bond was oversubscribed, with an order book exceeding EUR3bn and 51% of allocation going to SRI investors, primarily from France and other European nations.

This report explores innovative funding mechanisms for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) at U.S. airports, using Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (Sea-Tac) as a primary case study. It argues that while airports cannot legally fund fuel as a commodity, they can fund 'co-benefits' such as carbon reduction and air quality improvements. The report recommends several funding streams, including corporate support and non-aeronautical revenue, to catalyze regional SAF supply chains and reduce the industry's carbon footprint.

This research paper analyzes institutional barriers and drivers regarding the development of the transmission grid required to achieve a decarbonized Nordic power system by 2050, with a specific focus on current practices in Sweden.

This report analyzes the drivers and barriers to developing Sweden's transmission grid to support the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) for a carbon-neutral Nordic power system by 2050. Key drivers include the strategic goals of Svenska Kraftnät to decarbonize Europe, EU directives (2009/28/EC), and price signals from bidding areas. Major barriers include a complex and ambiguous concession process, conflicts between local environmental/health concerns and global sustainability goals, and passive government oversight. The report also notes a gap between the grid operator's wind power projections and industry estimates, which may lead to capacity bottlenecks.

This research paper examines the potential for the Nordic countries to cooperate on climate adaptation and the development of a regional adaptation strategy, noting the region's strong institutional capacity and relative resilience compared to other global regions.

This report by IISD-GSI provides the Nordic Council of Ministers with options and recommendations for increasing Nordic cooperation to phase out fossil-fuel subsidies in developing countries, highlighting the economic and environmental costs of these subsidies.

This policy brief examines the intersection of bioenergy market development and climate change adaptation in the Nordic region, specifically focusing on Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. It analyzes how globalization and climate-driven shifts in productivity and logistics affect the supply chains of bioethanol, biodiesel, wood pellets, and wood chips.

This research paper examines the determinants of adaptive capacity in the Nordic countries and Russia, noting systematic differences between industrialised states and subsistence-cash based communities like those in Arctic Canada. It highlights internal disparities in adaptive capacity related to geography (peripheral vs. central) and national differences in infrastructure and technology access, arguing for broader comparative studies across different political and administrative systems.