Nordic Environmental Fiscal Reform

The document highlights the success of Nordic countries in decoupling economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions through environmental fiscal reform (EFR). It notes that EFR has supported industrial growth, such as the Danish wind energy sector, and generated significant annual revenues between USD 7 billion and USD 13 billion per country in 2018. The brief argues that aligning taxes, subsidies, and spending can simultaneously address economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change by raising funds for debt reduction and stimulus while creating price signals to deter pollution.

• Nordic countries have demonstrated a decoupling of economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions, exemplified by Sweden, where GDP increased by 125% while GHG emissions decreased by 27% from 1990 to 2019.
• Environmental fiscal reform has directly supported the growth of the Danish wind energy industry, which accounts for 7% of Denmark's exports and employs more than 33,000 direct staff.
• In 2018, environmental taxes generated between USD 7 billion and USD 13 billion in each Nordic country, with the exception of Iceland.

APA

Beedell,, T. L. R. (2021). Nordic Environmental Fiscal Reform. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/nordic-environmental-fiscal-reform-post-pandemic-recovery

Chicago

Beedell,, Tara Laan,Joachim Roth,Estan. Nordic Environmental Fiscal Reform. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/publications/nordic-environmental-fiscal-reform-post-pandemic-recovery.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Beedell, |first1=Tara Laan,Joachim Roth,Estan |title=Nordic Environmental Fiscal Reform |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=15 April 2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/nordic-environmental-fiscal-reform-post-pandemic-recovery |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{beedell2021nordic, author = {Beedell,, Tara Laan,Joachim Roth,Estan}, title = {{Nordic Environmental Fiscal Reform}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, month = apr, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/nordic-environmental-fiscal-reform-post-pandemic-recovery}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }