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The World Resources Institute's research paper examines the barriers and motivators for electric school bus (ESB) adoption across U.S. school districts, highlighting that geography and locale are more significant drivers of district needs than priority status based on demographics or pollution exposure.

The 2024 State of Cities Climate Finance report (SCCFR) assesses global urban climate finance flows and needs, highlighting a significant gap between current funding and the trillions required for mitigation and adaptation by 2030 and beyond.

This report provides a market assessment and strategic roadmap for the electrification of healthcare facilities (HFs) in Madagascar, specifically focusing on Basic Health Centres (CSBs) and District Reference Hospitals (CHRDs). It identifies a significant energy gap, where 75% of CSBs lack electricity, and proposes an integrated, bottom-up approach to improve health services through sustainable energy solutions, estimated to require USD 83 million over ten years.

The Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) developed a beta version of a climate finance landscape for California, analyzing public and private investments from 2019 to 2022 and estimating future investment needs to meet the state's 2045 climate goals.

This briefing presents a needs assessment for establishing a publicly accessible cross-sector collaboration space in the Nations area of Geneva to accelerate the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This report by FSD Africa and Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the climate finance needs of African countries based on their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It estimates that implementing these NDCs between 2020 and 2030 will cost USD 2.8 trillion, with a funding gap of USD 2.5 trillion that must be met by international and private sources. The report highlights significant data gaps in adaptation needs and sectoral disaggregation, and recommends that the UNFCCC provide standardized guidance to help countries develop robust, bottom-up financing roadmaps.

This report summarizes a needs assessment conducted as part of the "Inclusive Climate-Resilient Transport Planning in Africa" project. The assessment aimed to identify challenges faced by transport planners and decision-makers in meeting the mobility needs of disadvantaged groups and incorporating climate resilience into planning processes across four primary countries and a broader regional sample in Africa.

This working paper, produced by Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) and Heriot-Watt University, introduces a 'Cooling for All Needs Assessment' tool. The tool is designed to help governments and NGOs move beyond equipment-based projections to a holistic, needs-driven analysis of cooling requirements across human comfort, food security, and health services to inform National Cooling Plans.

This 2019 report by Sustainable Energy for All provides a status update on global cooling access, quantifying the populations at risk and introducing a needs-based assessment tool to guide policymakers and financiers toward sustainable cooling solutions consistent with the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Amendment.

This report examines the integration of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) into local and international climate change action plans. It focuses on the monitoring requirements for UPAF impacts on adaptation and mitigation to support decision-making and financing for interventions.

This document is a report assessing the necessity of proposed Karpowership power plant projects in South Africa. It concludes that the projects are not required to meet the country's electricity needs and are likely more expensive than alternative options.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Global Center on Adaptation analyzes international public climate adaptation finance for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2021 and 2022. It identifies a significant funding gap, noting that current annual flows of approximately $2 billion are far below the estimated annual need of $11.7 billion. The report highlights that a large portion of this finance is provided as debt, posing macroeconomic risks, and calls for a shift from GNI-based ODA eligibility to a multidimensional vulnerability index to improve financial access.

The 'Energy needs assessment for farmers – Situational Guideline' by GreenCape provides a structured framework for South African agricultural producers to transition toward energy resilience. It outlines a three-step process: conducting energy audits to identify efficiencies, evaluating alternative energy technologies based on specific farm needs, and navigating the financial and quality assurance requirements for implementation.

This intervention brief describes the Alternative Service Delivery Unit (ASDU), implemented by the GreenCape Sector Development Agency to provide energy services to unserviced communities using a co-design framework. It focuses specifically on Freedom Farm, a settlement in Cape Town, detailing its socio-economic profile and the community's prioritized energy and connectivity needs.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies evaluates the effectiveness of South African border control mechanisms in preventing the illegal smuggling of firearms. Through case studies in KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Cape, and surveys of 52 land border posts, the research identifies systemic failures including severe understaffing, lack of basic infrastructure, and corruption. While the South African Police Service (SAPS) and South African National Defence Force (SANDF) are the primary actors, the report finds that the permeability of the borders remains excessive, with illegal firearms and other contraband moving across the borderline frequently outside of official ports of entry.

This report outlines the risks and needs of low-income (LI) and fixed-income (FI) electricity customers during the transition to a distributed energy resource (DER) and renewable electricity system. It identifies financial and social concerns, maps existing and unmet needs, and examines case studies to determine how these segments can be equitably integrated into a high-DER future.

This fact sheet presents findings from a multi-country needs assessment conducted across Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, and Thailand to inform the design of capacity-building programs for inclusive climate finance between 2023 and 2025.