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The report argues that achieving Paris Agreement goals in Latin America requires comprehensive policy frameworks and long-term visions to provide the planning certainty necessary to mobilise private capital for decarbonisation.

The Climate Action Tracker identifies a 'credibility gap' where current policies lead to 2.7°C of warming, while even the fulfillment of all 2030 targets would result in 2.4°C. Despite 90% of global emissions being covered by net zero targets, only 6% are rated as 'acceptable', and no analyzed country has sufficient short-term policies to reach its net zero goal. The report highlights the continued expansion of coal and natural gas as primary drivers of this failure.

The report examines the tension between Argentina's agri-export model and its goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, noting that the agricultural sector accounts for 37% of national greenhouse gas emissions. While domestic stakeholders perceive low risk from GHG mitigation commitments, the study warns that an EU carbon tariff on agricultural imports would significantly decrease the competitiveness of Argentine soybean derivatives and bovine meat, leading to adverse impacts on GDP and employment.

The 2021 NDC Update Report finds that while 95% of surveyed countries have strengthened greenhouse gas emissions targets, overall progress remains too slow and pledges insufficient. The report highlights a significant gap in long-term strategies (LTSs), with only 17% of Parties having communicated one to the UNFCCC as of October 2021. It emphasizes the critical role of subnational governments, noting that 80% of respondents view them as important for NDC implementation and 75% report their actual involvement in planning. The document warns against using 'green recovery' narratives as a 'smokescreen' for inaction and calls for a just transition to manage trade-offs between climate action and sustainable development goals.

The paper introduces a "transformation seismograph" concept designed to provide early warning signals of systemic shifts toward net-zero emissions. By identifying measurable factors that precede changes in greenhouse gas projections, the authors suggest a comprehensive monitoring system with sector-specific indicators to assist policymakers in designing effective interventions and international cooperation. The concept was specifically tested against electricity generation and electric light-duty vehicles.

The analysis finds that emissions trends in 30 major economies are far from Paris Agreement goals, with group emissions projected to increase by approximately 0.4% per year between 2021 and 2030. While nearly two-thirds of the analyzed countries are expected to accelerate mitigation efforts in the 2020s, current policies remain insufficient, as global emissions would need to fall by 7.6% annually until 2030 to meet climate targets.

The analysis of G20 climate policies between 2000 and 2019 reveals that while the number of mitigation policies has increased, significant adoption gaps persist across all sectors. Approximately half of the 50 identified key policy options are not widely adopted, leaving at least one-tenth of G20 emissions completely uncovered by policy.

The briefing finds that sectoral pledges on methane, coal, transport, and deforestation could close the 2030 emissions gap by approximately 9% (2.2 GtCO2e), though global emissions would still remain nearly twice as high as necessary for a 1.5°C pathway. The Global Methane Pledge and the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use offer the highest likely impacts, while the coal and electric vehicle initiatives provide minimal additional reductions due to limited signatory participation or delayed phase-out timelines.

The State of Climate Action 2021 evaluates 40 sectoral indicators to measure progress toward a zero-carbon world, finding that none are currently on track to meet 2030 targets despite exponential growth in wind, solar, and electric vehicles.

The NewClimate Institute criticizes Switzerland's bilateral climate agreements with Georgia, Peru, Senegal, and Ghana, arguing that by targeting 'low-hanging fruit' (low-cost emission reductions), Switzerland avoids domestic decarbonization while potentially blocking host countries from meeting their own Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The author contends that for market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to be effective, they must focus on 'high-hanging fruit'—hard-to-abate emissions that require external finance—and that Switzerland should instead prioritize fulfilling its fair share of international climate finance without claiming ownership of the resulting emission reductions.

The report argues that current financial investments in the gas value chain underestimate climate risks and are incompatible with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target. It highlights that while many development finance institutions (DFIs) and private asset managers have moved away from coal, they continue to fund new gas projects despite the availability of cheaper renewable alternatives and the risk of high-emission lock-in. The document asserts that gas should not be considered a bridge or transition fuel and calls for clear strategies to phase out fossil fuel support.

The report finds that greenhouse gas emissions in 26 major emitting countries and regions are projected to remain above 2005 levels in most cases by 2030 under current policies. While 16 of these entities are on track or close to meeting their original NDC targets, 11 are off-track to meet their updated targets, and five have not yet submitted updates.

The report analyzes the impact of different electric vehicle (EV) penetration scenarios in China—Pre-COVID-19, Current Policies, and 100% BEV—across two electricity decarbonization pathways. It concludes that while China's post-COVID-19 policies for new energy vehicles (NEVs) are positive, significant emission reductions in the light-duty vehicle (LDV) sector are only possible if coupled with a transformational shift to a low-carbon electricity sector. Without power sector decarbonization, even ambitious BEV scenarios would only reduce emissions by 9% to 13% by 2050 compared to pre-pandemic levels. To reach carbon neutrality by 2060, the report argues that a 100% BEV vehicle stock and a fully decarbonized power sector are required, which could reduce LDV emissions to zero and transport sector emissions by 790 MtCO2/yr by 2050.

The study assesses green hydrogen in Mongolia, finding it most viable for heavy-duty mining transport in the South Gobi region, where it could mitigate 1.2 Mt CO2e annually. While production costs are competitive at 3.3-4.7 USD/kg, water scarcity in the south poses a limit. Public transport in Ulaanbaatar is a possible but limited-scale application, while decentralised heating is currently not cost-competitive compared to LPG.

The document assesses the decarbonisation of Kenya's power sector, highlighting the role of geothermal, hydro, wind, and solar energy. It warns that the Lamu coal power plant could cause oversupply and reduce system flexibility, while noting that further integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) and distributed energy resources (DER) will require increased flexibility and continuous investment in clean capacity.

The document asserts that the period until 2030 is critical for limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C and that failure to meet Paris Agreement goals would permanently obstruct just and sustainable global development. It argues for the integration of cross-cutting solutions, increased international climate finance, and the finalization of Article 6 market mechanisms to incentivize transformation in developing countries and emerging economies. Key priority action areas identified include modernising global energy production, climate-friendly urbanisation, low-emission food security, ecosystem conservation, and sustainable water use.

The research evaluates 168 NDCs against international environmental law, finding that some states use justifications—such as least cost pathways or emissions per GDP—that lack legal backing. By applying principles of harm prevention, precaution, and the Paris Agreement's ambition goals, the author argues that developed states must reach net-negative emission levels by 2030 to meet temperature goals. Among G20 nations, only India and Indonesia are identified as being able to temporarily increase emissions relative to 2010, while others have decreased emissions too slowly or increased them over the last decade.

The National Cooling Action Plan (NCAP) for Grenada identifies that buildings and the refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) sector are major contributors to national greenhouse gas emissions. The report presents emission pathways and mitigation potentials, noting that an enhanced ambition scenario based on international best practices could reduce building sector emissions by 62% by 2050 compared to a low ambition scenario.

The September 2021 Global Update by the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) finds that global climate action continues to lag behind the requirements for limiting warming to 1.5°C. While some countries have updated their NDCs, the 2030 emissions gap remains significant, estimated at 20 to 23 GtCO2e. The report introduces a new rating system that integrates targets, policies, and climate finance, revealing that only The Gambia is overall 1.5°C Paris Agreement compatible. Most net zero targets are rated as poor or incomplete, and developed countries are failing to provide sufficient international climate finance or implement policies that align with their fair share of global mitigation efforts.

The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) 2021 rating methodology employs a dual-framework approach, combining 'fair share' principles and 'modelled domestic pathways' to assess government climate action. It evaluates targets (domestic and international), implemented policies, and climate finance to determine an overall rating. The system distinguishes between developed countries, which are expected to provide finance and meet stringent domestic targets, and developing countries, which may require international support to achieve full decarbonisation. The methodology specifically excludes land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) from main ratings but flags them when they significantly impact a country's emissions profile.