National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the

This research paper evaluates 168 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement against international environmental law. It finds that some countries use unjustified indicators (like cost or emissions per GDP) to set targets. The author argues that to meet temperature goals, developed states must be net-negative by 2030, and among the G20, only India and Indonesia have justification for temporary emission increases relative to 2010.

• The analysis of 168 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) reveals that while many use indicators backed by international law—such as equity, sustainable development, and common but differentiated responsibilities—some rely on justifications not supported by these principles, specifically emissions per GDP, least cost pathways, and a small share of global emissions for states that are not Small Island Developing States (SIDSs) or Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
• Applying principles of harm prevention, precaution, and the Paris Agreement's goals of 'progression' and 'highest possible ambition' indicates that developed states must reach net-negative emission levels by 2030 to be compatible with the long-term temperature goal.
• Among G20 states, only Indonesia and India are permitted temporary emission increases relative to 2010, with only India permitted an increase relative to current levels. The document notes that approximately half of the G20 states increased emissions during the 2010s, and those that decreased them did so at an insufficient pace.

APA

NewClimate Institute (2021). National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the. http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the

Chicago

NewClimate Institute. National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the. 2021. http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=NewClimate Institute |title=National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the |date=9 September 2021 |url=http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{newclimateinstitute2021national, author = {{NewClimate Institute}}, title = {{National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the}}, institution = {NewClimate Institute}, year = {2021}, month = sep, url = {http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }