National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the

The research evaluates 168 NDCs against international environmental law, finding that some states use justifications—such as least cost pathways or emissions per GDP—that lack legal backing. By applying principles of harm prevention, precaution, and the Paris Agreement's ambition goals, the author argues that developed states must reach net-negative emission levels by 2030 to meet temperature goals. Among G20 nations, only India and Indonesia are identified as being able to temporarily increase emissions relative to 2010, while others have decreased emissions too slowly or increased them over the last decade.

• Many NDCs use indicators supported by international law, such as sustainable development and common but differentiated responsibilities, but some rely on indicators not backed by these principles, including emissions per GDP, least cost pathways, and a small share of global emissions for states that are not Small Island Developing States (SIDSs) or Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
• To be collectively compatible with the Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal, developed states must achieve net-negative emission levels by 2030.
• Within the G20, only India and Indonesia can temporarily increase emissions relative to 2010, with only India able to do so relative to current levels; meanwhile, approximately half of G20 states increased emissions during the 2010s, and those that decreased them did so at an insufficient pace.

APA

NewClimate Institute (2021). National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the. http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the

Chicago

NewClimate Institute. National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the. 2021. http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=NewClimate Institute |title=National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the |date=9 September 2021 |url=http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{newclimateinstitute2021national, author = {{NewClimate Institute}}, title = {{National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the}}, institution = {NewClimate Institute}, year = {2021}, month = sep, url = {http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }