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This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the misalignment of global public finance, noting that in 2024, public support for fossil fuels exceeded USD 1.2 trillion, nearly five times the USD 254 billion provided to clean energy. The report examines fossil fuel subsidies, G20 renewable energy support, state-owned enterprise (SOE) capital expenditure, and international public finance, arguing that governments must shift from blanket subsidies to targeted social protection and clean energy investment to reduce fiscal exposure and energy vulnerability.

The report argues that betting on long-term growth for metallurgical coal (met coal) is a losing strategy as demand plateaus due to China's economic shift and the rise of low-carbon steel production. It highlights the risk of stranded assets given the volume of planned mine expansions and recommends that governments accelerate the transition to green steel through subsidy reform and public procurement.

In 2025, record solar and wind growth met 99% of global electricity demand increases, causing fossil fuel generation to decline for the first time since 2020. Renewables surpassed coal as a share of global electricity generation for the first time in a century, reaching 33.8%.

The global electricity sector has transitioned from fossil-fuelled growth to clean growth, with clean power meeting all global demand growth in 2025. This shift is driven largely by the plateauing of fossil generation in China and the rapid scale-up of solar and wind power. Battery storage is now emerging as a critical technology to displace fossil fuels during non-daylight hours, particularly in high-solar regions.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explains the mechanisms of El Niño, its interaction with climate change, and its global socio-economic and environmental impacts. It highlights a 61% chance of an El Niño event emerging between May and July 2026, noting that human-caused warming is likely increasing the frequency and severity of such events, while simultaneously making them harder to predict.

Friends of the Earth International issued a statement condemning United States-led imperialism and calling for an end to military aggression, genocide, and economic warfare to achieve global peace and environmental justice.

Friends of the Earth International issued a statement condemning US-led imperialism and military aggression, arguing that these actions drive environmental destruction, prolong the fossil fuel era, and violate international law. The organization calls for an end to wars in Iran and Palestine, the dismantling of corporate power, and the redirection of war funding toward global repair and social justice.

This guide from the International Institute for Sustainable Development explains the nature, impacts, and trends of fossil fuel subsidies, highlighting that public financial support for fossil fuels significantly outweighs that for clean energy.

This briefing from RMI and the New Energy Industrial Strategy (NEIS) Center analyzes the global energy crisis triggered by the US-Iran war. It argues that while governments are currently relying on short-term fixes like strategic reserves and subsidies, the crisis provides an opportunity to accelerate the transition to clean energy, electrification, and efficiency to reduce long-term vulnerability to volatile global fuel markets.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute examines the capacity of various forest types to withstand and recover from wildfires, noting that while some ecosystems are fire-adapted, increasing fire frequency and intensity driven by climate change are undermining this resilience. The document details the drivers of vulnerability, the environmental and economic impacts of recent record-breaking fires, and strategies for strengthening forest resilience through protection, restoration, and the support of Indigenous land rights.

The research paper 'The New Twin Fossil Shock' analyzes how two major energy crises in the 2020s—the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the 2026 shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz—are accelerating the global transition to an 'electric age.' The authors argue that unlike the oil shocks of the 1970s, current alternatives such as solar, wind, and electric vehicles (EVs) are cost-competitive, scalable, and provide a permanent route out of fossil fuel dependency.

This briefing by RMI proposes a 'new carbon economy' that treats carbon dioxide as a valuable raw material rather than a waste product to achieve a net-negative emissions footprint while maintaining the supply of essential carbon-based materials.

The research paper argues for a binding international agreement on fossil fuel subsidies within the WTO framework to address global negative externalities and climate change. It proposes using the Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability (ACCTS) as a model, specifically highlighting the Standardized Carbon Rate Measurement (SCRM) as a way to move beyond definitional debates. The authors suggest that successful subsidy reduction must be linked to a state's capacity to transition to green energy and may require WTO waivers on local content requirements to support renewable energy transitions.

A report by Ember analyzing how the expansion of wind and solar capacity in Britain mitigated the economic impact of a fossil fuel crisis in early 2026, which was triggered by conflict in the Middle East.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the impact of various global carbon tax scenarios on Africa's energy transition and economic future, specifically highlighting the 'Sustainable Africa' scenario.

This report by Ember and the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) argues that falling costs for 'electrotech'—solar, batteries, and electric end-use technologies—provide a faster and cheaper path to energy access and economic development for emerging markets than traditional fossil-fuel-based models. It highlights how many CVF nations are already leapfrogging developed economies in solar penetration and electrification, reducing their dependence on expensive fossil fuel imports.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes a global database of fossil fuel production restrictions, identifying 58 active measures across 25 countries and 27 subnational jurisdictions. It examines the trajectories of these policies, noting that while restrictions have grown exponentially over the last decade, they remain politically fragile and susceptible to rollbacks during periods of high energy prices or government changes.

This research paper analyzes the implications of Rwanda's threat to withdraw its security forces from Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province. It argues that the deployment serves Rwanda's political and economic interests while highlighting Mozambique's inability to independently secure its territory and the transactional nature of EU and US energy-driven security strategies.

The Climate Bonds Initiative report argues that the European Union must rapidly transition to clean energy to eliminate its vulnerability to global energy shocks, as nearly 60% of its primary energy is imported. It proposes a five-step plan—electrification, grid interconnection, storage deployment, industrial decarbonization, and the use of methane standards—to reduce dependence on high-risk suppliers like Russia and the US. The report highlights a significant investment gap, noting that current clean energy spending (2.1% of GDP) is below the global average (2.9%) and far below the 1,500 billion euros annually needed by 2050.

The Climate Bonds Initiative report argues that the European Union must accelerate its energy transition to eliminate a critical vulnerability: its 60% reliance on fossil fuel imports. It proposes a five-step strategy focusing on electrification, grid connectivity, flexibility, industrial decarbonization, and the use of the EU Methane Regulation to phase out imports from high-risk suppliers like Russia and the US. The report highlights that while 89% of end-energy demand can be electrified, current investment levels (2.1% of GDP) fall short of the 1.5 trillion euros per year required by 2050.