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This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the impact of various global carbon tax scenarios on Africa's energy transition and economic future, specifically highlighting the 'Sustainable Africa' scenario.

This report by Ember analyses Chinese customs data to demonstrate a significant increase in solar panel imports into Africa in the 12 months leading up to June 2025. The analysis suggests a structural trend toward increased solar adoption across the continent, potentially driven by distributed solar, which could significantly expand electricity supply and reduce reliance on imported diesel.

This document outlines the forecasting methodology used in the Chilling Prospects 2022 report to estimate global risk associated with the lack of access to sustainable cooling through 2030. The methodology identifies four risk profiles based on income and electricity access and evaluates three scenarios—Current trends, SDG7.1, and a combined SDG7.1 and SDG1.1 scenario—across 76 countries to determine how electrification and poverty reduction influence vulnerability to heat.

This briefing examines the political and economic drivers of coal-fired power investment in 18 high-impact countries (HICs) with significant electricity access gaps, noting that international public finance dominates coal investment while domestic private finance leads in renewables.

The 2021 report 'Energizing Finance: Understanding the Landscape' analyzes finance commitments for electricity and clean cooking in 20 high-impact countries (HICs) based on 2019 data. It finds that investment levels for both sectors fall critically short of the requirements to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), with electricity finance declining in 2019 and clean cooking investment remaining stagnant.

This case study examines how Rwanda's domestic policy frameworks, tariff structures, and utility restructuring have increased electricity access, using the World Bank's Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) index as a benchmarking tool.

This executive summary from Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) analyzes the gap between financial commitments and actual disbursements for energy projects in 20 high-impact countries (HICs) across Africa and Asia. Using OECD Creditor Reporting System (CRS) data, the report highlights that while energy finance disbursements grew faster than overall development finance between 2013 and 2018, they still significantly lag behind commitments, hindering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7).

The 2018 Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) report provides a global inventory of policies and regulations supporting Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), focusing on electricity access, clean cooking, energy efficiency, and renewable energy across 133 economies from 2010 to 2017.

This report evaluates the financial sustainability of Indonesia's electricity sector using the Financial Sustainability Electricity Sector (FSES) framework. It examines the state-owned utility PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), the role of government subsidies, the expansion of generation capacity through Fast Track Programmes, and the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy while achieving universal electricity access.

The Results-Based Finance (RBF) Grant Agreement Template, published by the Alliance for Renewable Electrification, provides a standardized framework for governments and organizations to provide fixed grants to mini-grid operators based on verified electricity connections. The guide outlines the legal and financial structure of such agreements, emphasizing the need for tailored conditions to support domestic companies and ensure project viability.

This report by Sustainable Energy for All analyzes how energy efficiency, specifically through Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), can expand access to cooling services for low-income households in high-impact countries by making appliances compatible with lower tiers of electricity supply.

The executive summary of 'Energizing Finance: Taking the Pulse 2021' analyzes the financial requirements to achieve universal energy access (SDG7) in Ghana, Mozambique, and Vietnam. It focuses on decentralized solutions, estimating the capital needed for electricity (Tier 1) and clean cooking (Tiers 2-4), while identifying critical affordability gaps and regulatory barriers that hinder private sector investment.

This annex provides a comparative analysis of electrification data for 20 countries with the largest electricity access deficits, triangulating government reports, household surveys, utility data, and industry sales to identify trends and socioeconomic patterns of access.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute proposes a strategic approach to expanding universal electricity access in developing countries, arguing that simple connectivity does not automatically guarantee development benefits. The authors advocate for a model that matches electricity services to specific development needs through bottom-up demand forecasting, integration with local development projects, and improved governance focusing on affordability and reliability.