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This briefing from the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) outlines the requirements for national governments submitting new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for 2035 by early 2025. It argues that current 2030 targets and policies are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C and calls for an 'emergency mode' approach to align targets with a global net CO2 zero emissions pathway by 2050.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative proposes 'Recovery Bonds' as a mechanism for sovereign nations to raise capital for climate-resilient, post-COVID-19 economic recovery, specifically focusing on sovereign green bonds and bonds linked to fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR).

This executive summary from the 2018 'Brown to Green' report analyzes the progress of G20 countries toward a low-carbon economy. It highlights a significant gap between current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the goals of the Paris Agreement, noting that G20 energy-related CO2 emissions began increasing again in 2017 and that 82% of the G20 energy supply remains dependent on fossil fuels.

This executive summary from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute discusses the nature and scale of fossil fuel subsidies in the United States, distinguishing between direct spending and indirect tax expenditures, and calls for a re-examination of these policies in light of industry maturity and environmental externalities.

This report by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) provides preliminary estimates of global energy subsidies by source for 2007, detailing the assumptions and calculations used for nuclear energy, renewable energy, biofuels, fossil fuels, and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).