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A positioning statement by the Rede por Adaptação Antirracista and Observatório do Clima, signed by 70 organizations, urging the Brazilian federal government to implement anti-racist climate adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of a predicted 'Super El Niño'.

An introductory report on Malawi's development trajectory, detailing its long-term vision for industrialization, current socio-economic challenges, and severe fiscal pressures exacerbated by climatic shocks and the loss of international funding.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explains the mechanisms of El Niño, its interaction with climate change, and its global socio-economic and environmental impacts. It highlights a 61% chance of an El Niño event emerging between May and July 2026, noting that human-caused warming is likely increasing the frequency and severity of such events, while simultaneously making them harder to predict.

This research paper applies the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to analyze drought trends and the influence of the El Niño phenomenon in the Coquimbo region of Chile, finding increasing dryness during spring and summer.

This research paper analyzes temporal climate variability on the northern coast of the Bahía Blanca estuary in Argentina from 1960 to 2014 to inform land-use planning and improve population quality of life.

This research paper uses the JULES dynamic land surface model and the INFERNO fire module to analyze the impact of the 2015/16 El Niño event on global fire activity, burned areas, and carbon sinks, comparing observed conditions against mean climatological drivers.

A case study on the OffgridSun project in Zimbabwe, which installed solar-powered water pumping systems to mitigate the effects of El Niño-induced droughts in rural communities.

This factsheet from the Raising Risk Awareness initiative analyzes the 2015-16 drought in Ethiopia, noting that the event's extreme rarity and severity—influenced by El Niño—strained the capacity of existing national and international preparedness and response systems.

A fact sheet detailing a catastrophic precipitation event in Chennai, India, on 1 December 2015, and the subsequent scientific attribution analysis regarding the role of human-caused climate change.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines climate adaptation readiness in Southern Africa by analyzing the region's response to the severe 2015/16 El Niño-induced drought. The author argues that while the El Niño cycle is a natural phenomenon, the resulting drought serves as a critical test of the region's institutional and policy capacity to handle severe environmental stress. The paper identifies significant gaps in national and regional response capacities, highlighting the need for a shift from reactive 'response' to proactive 'prevention' and the scaling of successful local and regional adaptation strategies.

This report, prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for the UNDP, evaluates climate risks and management capacities in Peru, with a specific focus on the agricultural sectors of the Junín and Piura regions. It analyzes the interaction between climate threats—such as El Niño, droughts, and frosts—and the vulnerability of rural populations, providing recommendations for integrated risk management and policy coordination.

This fact sheet describes a project to reduce agricultural production risks for soybean farmers in Eastern Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by implementing a climate-based decision support system (DSS) that utilizes seasonal forecasts and crop growth models.

This February 2003 briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the internal power struggles within Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU-PF party and the reported attempts to negotiate an exit strategy for President Robert Mugabe amidst a severe economic collapse.

This document records the decisions made during the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held in Arlington, USA, on 4-5 June 1998. The meeting focused on administrative governance, budget approvals, the election of leadership, and the strategic direction of scientific research in the Americas.

The Peace and Security Council (PSC) Report Issue 79 analyzes several African security crises, including institutional instability in Guinea-Bissau, the military approach to al-Shabaab in Somalia, contested elections in Chad and the Republic of Congo, and the AU's diplomatic efforts in Burundi. It also features an interview with Ambassador Frederic Ngoga Gateretse on early warning systems and structural conflict prevention.