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The May 2026 report 'Boom and Bust' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the global coal power portfolio, highlighting a growing divergence between the installation of new coal capacity and actual electricity generation. While global capacity increased by 3.5% in 2025, generation fell by 0.6%, with coal increasingly serving as a backup rather than a primary energy source. The report details regional trends, noting that new construction is heavily concentrated in China and India, while other regions face stagnation or decline due to financing constraints and energy transitions.

The Climate Bonds Initiative's 2025 report details the state of the global aligned GSS+ (green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked) debt market, which reached a cumulative volume of USD 6.8 trillion by the end of 2025. The report highlights the continued dominance of green bonds, the growth of sustainability-labelled debt, and the emergence of adaptation and resilience (A&R) finance as a significant new frontier, exemplified by the launch of the Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT).

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes how integrating the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) tools, alongside macroeconomic modelling, allows governments to plan for climate-resilient development by analyzing the interdependencies between water and energy systems.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) describes the Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) platform, a scenario-based modelling tool designed to help decision-makers understand climate impacts on water systems and develop adaptation strategies. It highlights WEAP's role in supporting National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and provides examples of its application in various global regions to manage water scarcity, resource allocation, and transboundary river basins.

This research paper introduces the Adaptation Triple Dividend of Resilience (AdapTDR) database, evaluating 320 adaptation investments across 12 countries to demonstrate that climate adaptation yields high economic, social, and environmental returns beyond simple loss avoidance.

This briefing by Trend Asia argues that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) continues to support fossil gas through technical assistance (TA) and ambiguous policy language, despite pledges to align with the Paris Agreement. The document contends that framing gas as a 'transitional fuel' or 'low-carbon' enables the planning of infrastructure that locks countries into long-term fossil dependency and risks creating stranded assets.

The April 2025 report "Boom and Bust Coal" by Global Energy Monitor and its partners analyzes global trends in coal-fired power generation. It highlights a global trend toward decommissioning coal plants, contrasted by record-breaking construction starts in China and new proposals in India. The report specifically details Russia's divergence from global trends through its continued planning and construction of new coal capacity to support regional energy demands and the domestic coal industry.

This research paper analyzes the 'magnetic pull' of BRICS, exploring why non-member states seek to join the informal group. It argues that while initial appeal was based on economic credentials and promises of systemic reform, the group has transitioned toward more strategic outreach. The author examines the evolution of BRICS through its 2010 and 2023 expansions and the 2024 Kazan summit, highlighting the role of 'compound soft power' and the challenges of maintaining internal cohesion amidst rapid growth.

This report by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the power sector transition in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) region, highlighting a significant gap between stated renewable energy targets and actual project pipelines. It finds that fossil fuel capacity is being built at more than three times the rate of wind and utility-scale solar, with oil and gas leading the buildout. The report specifically critiques COP29 host Azerbaijan for low ambition in its renewable energy plans and a continued reliance on gas.

This briefing, authored by Dr. Tanya Petach of the Aspen Global Change Institute (AGCI), examines the drivers of declining lake and reservoir water storage globally. It highlights the distinction between anthropogenic causes, such as unsustainable water consumption, and climate-driven factors, such as increased evaporation and changing precipitation patterns, to argue for targeted policy interventions and adaptive management strategies to prevent urban 'Day Zero' scenarios.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the landscape of project preparation and finance for net zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It highlights the critical role of building decarbonization in meeting regional climate goals, identifies barriers such as energy subsidies, and maps the activities of 12 international entities providing project preparation support to develop investable project pipelines.

This report, published in April 2024 by Global Energy Monitor and several partner organizations, tracks the global development of coal-fired power plants. It highlights a divergence in trends: while new construction is reaching record lows outside of China, China is seeing an eight-year high in new construction. The report specifically examines the risks of expanding coal capacity in Central Asia, where proposed projects contradict climate goals and add to an aging, worn-out energy infrastructure.

The National State of the Environment Report: Uzbekistan (2023) provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental trends, socio-economic drivers, and policy responses in Uzbekistan. Using the DPSIR framework, the report details critical challenges including severe water scarcity, land degradation, atmospheric pollution, and the ongoing Aral Sea crisis, while highlighting progress in renewable energy, afforestation, and public health.

The National Report on the State of the Environment: Uzbekistan (2023) provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental trends in the context of the country's socio-economic development. Using the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework, the report analyzes critical issues including climate change, water scarcity, land degradation, air pollution, and the ongoing Aral Sea crisis. It highlights the tension between rapid economic and population growth and the sustainability of natural resources, while detailing national strategies and international partnerships aimed at achieving a 'green' transition by 2030.

This 2023 report, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development on behalf of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan, provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment in Uzbekistan. Using the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework, the document analyzes trends in air quality, water resources, land degradation, biodiversity, and climate change from 2012 to 2022. It highlights the critical impact of the Aral Sea crisis, the challenges of water scarcity in agriculture, and the government's strategic responses, including the 'Green Space' initiative and commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 35% relative to 2010 levels by 2030.

This methodological note describes the application of the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology to the construction of the 4R60 "Uchkuduk – border of the Republic of Kazakhstan" highway in Uzbekistan. The project aims to improve regional connectivity, increase freight capacity, and enhance road safety through the construction of 166.577 km of road infrastructure between 2021 and 2025.

This research paper assesses bilateral climate finance provided between 2016 and 2020 to ten developing countries with low governance scores, identifying a heavy skew toward mitigation and a concentration of funding from Japan to Uzbekistan.

The Asia Data Transparency Report 2023 evaluates power sector data transparency across 39 economies in Asia-Pacific and Central Asia. It finds that over half of the region suffers from poor or insufficient data transparency, which hinders the transition from coal to clean electricity. The report identifies high-performing economies, provides a case study on India's public-private partnership for data aggregation, and offers nine recommendations to improve data governance.

This report analyzes the 2022 activities of United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies (HRTBs) regarding state obligations in the context of climate change. It tracks the increasing frequency of climate-related recommendations in state review processes and examines specific trends in mitigation, fossil fuel regulation, adaptation, and the protection of vulnerable groups, including Indigenous Peoples and persons with disabilities.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights analyzes the 2022 activities of seven UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies (HRTBs) regarding climate change. It documents an increase in climate-related references in State reporting procedures and highlights key developments in General Comments and individual communications, specifically the landmark Billy et al. v. Australia case.