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The report examines the environmental consequences of unsustainable lifestyles, particularly in industrialised nations, and explores the interplay between sustainable production and consumption. It evaluates accounting methods like Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models to capture embedded emissions in trade, argues for an equitable global burden-sharing framework for climate mitigation, and analyses the psychological and institutional drivers of consumer behaviour. Key findings highlight the 'rebound effect' where efficiency gains are offset by increased consumption, and the potential of the 'functional economy' to reduce resource throughput via product lifetime optimisation and product-service systems.

The Engineering Council, the regulatory body for the UK engineering profession, maintains comprehensive environmental guidance for engineers but lacks a dedicated ethical investment policy. Analysis of its approximately 1.6 million investment portfolio, held within the Baring Targeted Return Fund, reveals that about 1% of known holdings are in the fossil fuel industry and less than 1% are in arms companies. However, the report notes that because only 24% of the portfolio's final holdings could be unambiguously identified, the actual extent of these links could be higher.

The document consists of three tables identifying corporations and organisations involved in fossil fuels and arms. It details the roles of various oil, gas, and coal companies, their reserves rankings, and their environmental records. It also lists global arms manufacturers, their involvement in nuclear weapons programmes, and UK military entities, highlighting ethical concerns regarding recruitment and military strategy.

The report argues that biomass co-firing in East Java is plagued by economic failure, ecological damage, and illegal practices. It finds that Perum Perhutani's energy plantation forests (HTE) have caused significant economic losses for local farmers and are financially unviable for the company. Furthermore, it reveals that PLTU Paiton relies on sawdust from illegal sawmills, often involving stolen timber, and that some suppliers manipulate biomass weight by adding water with the complicity of plant officials. The report also notes that major wood pellet exporters, such as PT Kaliandra Merah Nusantara, primarily export to South Korea rather than supplying domestic power plants.

The Union of Concerned Scientists reports that SUVs and light trucks in the United States have lower fuel economy and higher fatality rates than cars, contributing to higher consumer costs and increased global warming emissions. To address this, the organization designed the 'UCS Guardian' and 'UCS Guardian XSE' prototypes, which utilize existing technologies—such as unibody frames, improved aerodynamics, and electronic stability control—to increase fuel economy and safety. The report suggests that implementing these technologies across the light truck fleet could significantly reduce U.S. oil consumption and save thousands of lives annually.

The report argues that the United States can significantly reduce its reliance on fossil fuels by deploying a diverse mix of renewable energy sources, which have the technical potential to meet current electricity needs many times over. It highlights wind, solar, geothermal, bioenergy, and hydropower as key resources, noting that wind and geothermal are already competitive with new coal and natural gas plants in some cases. The document identifies critical barriers to this transition, including the need for a modernized transmission grid, streamlined siting processes, and sustainable biomass harvesting. It proposes a policy package featuring a national renewable electricity standard (RES) ramping up to 40% by 2030, extended tax credits, and increased R&D funding. While discussing carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced nuclear power as potential low-carbon supplements, the report notes significant cost uncertainties, infrastructure requirements, and safety risks associated with these technologies.

The document advocates for immediate action to combat climate change using existing technologies. It identifies fossil fuel combustion and deforestation as the primary drivers of CO2 increase and proposes five 'common sense' solutions: increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, modernizing the electricity system with renewables, improving energy efficiency in buildings, protecting forests, and increasing federal R&D for clean energy. It emphasizes that these steps would reduce emissions while saving consumers money and enhancing energy security.

The Cooler Smarter Trivia Night Kit is a guide designed to help individuals host educational trivia events to encourage a 20% reduction in personal carbon footprints. It includes a sample agenda, planning tips, and five rounds of trivia questions covering energy efficiency, transportation, diet, and climate policy. The kit emphasizes science-based advice to help participants navigate conflicting messages about emissions and identifies specific high-impact changes, such as improving home insulation and reducing meat consumption.

The document analyzes Japan's second NDC, submitted in February 2025, which targets greenhouse gas emission reductions of 60% by 2035 and 73% by 2040 relative to 2013 levels. The authors argue these targets are insufficient for a developed nation and fall below the global average required for the 1.5°C goal. The briefing emphasizes that Japan is currently off track for its 2030 goals and risks economic disadvantage by maintaining a reliance on fossil fuels. It calls for a rapid phase-out of coal by 2035, a significant increase in renewable energy capacity—potentially reaching 65-80% of electricity supply by 2035—and the implementation of a robust carbon pricing system via the GX-ETS with a binding emissions cap. The report also highlights the role of electrification, particularly through heat pumps and electric vehicles, and the strong support for more ambitious action from the Japanese business community.

The We Mean Business Coalition presents a series of policy asks across key sectors—including energy, transport, industry, and the built environment—to align global economies with a 1.5°C trajectory. The document highlights existing corporate commitments, such as the 900+ companies aligning with 1.5°C targets, and calls for government action on carbon pricing, the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies, and the implementation of just transition plans. It emphasizes that a green recovery from COVID-19 can boost GDP and employment while addressing the climate and biodiversity crises.

The report finds that while developed countries exceeded their US$ 30 billion Fast-Start Finance (FSF) target, much of the funding was not 'new and additional' and was heavily skewed toward mitigation over adaptation. Only 18% of FSF supported adaptation, and the distribution of funds closely mirrored existing Official Development Assistance (ODA) patterns rather than correlating with greenhouse gas emissions or country vulnerability. The study highlights a lack of transparency in reporting and suggests that future finance should better target vulnerable countries and avoid funding climate-incompatible development.

The document identifies a significant global trend toward expanding coal-fired power capacity, with 1,199 new plants proposed across 59 countries. China and India are the primary drivers of this expansion, accounting for 76% of proposed new capacities. The analysis also highlights a shift in the global coal trade from Atlantic to Pacific markets, prompting infrastructure expansions in countries like Australia.

The document outlines the data sources and assumptions used to calculate annual GHG reduction rates for Canada, the EU-28, Japan, and the US between 2020 and 2030. It specifies that estimates are provided both with and without the land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector to ensure comparability. The calculations rely on historical emissions data from national inventory reports submitted to the UNFCCC and specific target percentages for 2020 and 2030 (or 2025/2050 for the US) relative to various base years.

Global rice production contributes between 500 and 800 million tons of CO2 equivalent annually, representing at least 1% of global GHG emissions. The report identifies water management techniques—such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD), single mid-season drawdowns, dry seeding, and aerobic rice production—as promising methods to reduce methane emissions by up to 90% and lower water use without necessarily compromising yields. However, adoption is hindered by limited farmer control over irrigation, lack of confidence in yield benefits, and insufficient financial incentives. Case studies from China, India, the Philippines, and the United States highlight that technical feasibility varies by region and irrigation method, with groundwater pumping areas offering the most immediate opportunities for implementation.

The document provides recommendations for the US House Committee on Financial Services regarding a proposed $400 million annual investment in the Clean Technology Fund (CTF). It argues that the fund should prioritize 'zero carbon' outcomes and energy efficiency over marginally cleaner fossil fuel technologies like supercritical coal. The author emphasizes that the CTF should be used as a lever to force the World Bank and other Multilateral Development Banks to integrate climate change considerations into their core energy portfolios, noting that as of 2007, over 50% of Bank energy financing ignored climate change. Finally, it asserts that the CTF must align with UNFCCC principles, ensuring transparency, balanced representation between donor and developing nations, and that funding is additional to poverty alleviation aid.

The document analyzes Japan's 'Warsaw Target' to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 3.8 percent from 2005 levels by 2020. It finds that while this target represents a decrease in ambition compared to the earlier Copenhagen Pledge, it is likely achievable if Japan continues electricity-saving efforts and implements existing mitigation policies. The paper notes a lack of transparency regarding expected emissions reductions for specific policy measures and highlights a contradiction between the promotion of high-efficiency coal-fired power plants and Japan's long-term 2050 mitigation goals.

WRI finds that renewable energy supplies in eight major economies are projected to double by 2030, reaching 20,000 TWh, which is 18 percent higher than previous projections. Additionally, 80 percent of the 127 INDCs submitted by October 2015 referenced clean energy.

Japan committed USD 15 billion to fast-start finance (FSF), representing nearly half of the total pledged by developed countries for 2010-2012. However, the analysis finds that a significant portion of this funding may not be 'new and additional,' as it reflects pre-existing pledges and standard development finance commitments. The funding is heavily weighted toward mitigation (70%), primarily through loans for infrastructure, and includes 'clean' fossil fuel projects. Transparency is limited by disaggregated reporting, making it difficult to independently identify many projects.

The report argues that despite improvements in material efficiency, the total volume of waste entering the environment continues to increase because economic growth and consumer lifestyles offset efficiency gains. It highlights a critical gap in national accounting, noting that while financial transactions are tracked via GDP, there is no equivalent system for measuring the physical material requirements of modern economies.

The document examines clean hydrogen as a complementary solution to electrification for decarbonizing US freight transport. While facing hurdles in cost, infrastructure, and storage, hydrogen is positioned as a leading solution for long-haul and heavy-duty transport by mid-century. The paper details specific applications across road, maritime, air, and rail sectors, while emphasizing that climate benefits depend on the use of low- and zero-carbon production feedstocks.