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The document examines the impact of geothermal energy expansion in Indonesia, specifically projects funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. It details environmental degradation, including water depletion and pollution, and social harms such as health crises, economic losses for farmers, and the criminalization of dissent. The author advocates for a 'Feminist Just Transition' framework to ensure community consent and equity in the energy transition.

The report examines the expansion of geothermal energy in Indonesia, highlighting the role of the World Bank and Asian Development Bank in funding projects that mitigate corporate risk while shifting social and environmental burdens to local communities. It documents specific instances of water depletion, pollution, and human rights abuses, arguing for a 'Feminist Just Transition' to ensure climate justice.

The report examines the impact of geothermal energy development in Indonesia, highlighting a contradiction between its role as a climate solution and the resulting socio-environmental risks. It details how funding from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) has accelerated projects that lead to water depletion, pollution, and the displacement of local livelihoods. The document documents specific cases of environmental degradation, such as mudflows and gas leaks, as well as the criminalization of dissent and the marginalization of women and Indigenous peoples. It concludes that the current financial model transfers risk to local communities and calls for a transition based on equity, justice, and the explicit consent of affected populations.

The document highlights a surge in 'captive' coal power—plants operated off-grid by industrial users—which grew from 1.4 GW in 2013 to 10.8 GW in 2023. A vast majority of this capacity is dedicated to metal smelting, particularly nickel and aluminium, often justified by policies to increase the 'value add' of natural resources. The report warns that while Indonesia is a key supplier of minerals for the global energy transition, the reliance of these smelters on coal contradicts national climate targets and the goals of the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). It recommends integrating the phase-out of captive coal power into national plans to avoid significant health costs and carbon emissions.

The report identifies systemic irregularities in the Indonesian National Police's procurement of tear gas, including suspected price inflation of up to 30 times the market value, the selection of unqualified vendors, and horizontal collusion between companies. It notes a significant increase in police budgets under President Joko Widodo and a spike in tear gas equipment purchases in 2017, alongside a rising trend of tear gas use against mass protests from 2019 to 2022.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Secretariat and Accreditation Panel (AP) assessed PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (PT SMI) for re-accreditation and a scope upgrade. PT SMI demonstrated significant growth in climate financing, increasing its portfolio to USD 976 million by 2021 and committing to phase out fossil fuel financing. The AP recommends re-accreditation with an upgraded scope to include medium-sized projects, equity and guarantees, and high-risk (Category A/I-1) environmental and social (E&S) projects, subject to specific conditions regarding its grievance redress mechanism and external E&S auditing.

The report investigates the potential for municipal green bonds to support Indonesia's goal of 23% renewable energy by 2025. While provincial governments in Java and Bali generally meet fiscal eligibility criteria, no municipal bonds have been successfully issued as of 2021. Key barriers include complex bureaucratic procedures, a lack of profitable project pipelines, and a conservative investor market primarily motivated by credit ratings and commercial returns rather than green mandates. The authors recommend simplifying issuance requirements, providing clearer central government policy signals, and targeting quasi-government institutions as initial investors.

The report analyzes the palm oil sector in Berau, East Kalimantan, finding that the region can meet its production targets and mill capacities without further land expansion by focusing on productivity increases. While corporate plantations operate efficiently, smallholders face significant barriers, including lack of land certification, limited access to finance, and inefficient transport routes. The report recommends strengthening smallholder cooperatives, improving financial access, and exploring the feasibility of local CPO refineries to increase regional value-add.

The report finds that Berau can meet its palm oil production needs and fulfill mill capacities by 2021-2023 by improving agricultural practices and reaching 90% optimum productivity, eliminating the need for further land expansion. While company plantations operate efficiently, independent smallholders face significant barriers, including lack of land certificates, limited access to finance, and inefficient transport routes to mills. The region lacks CPO refineries, resulting in most crude palm oil being exported to other provinces or Malaysia. The authors recommend strengthening smallholder cooperatives, improving bankability, and analyzing the business case for local refineries to increase regional value addition.

The report analyzes Indonesia's long-term struggle to reform fossil-fuel subsidies, focusing on the period from 1998 to 2010. It examines the rationale for reform—primarily relieving budgetary pressure and improving social welfare efficiency—and evaluates two specific strategies: the Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) unconditional cash transfer program and the Kerosene to LPG Conversion Program. The document concludes that while targeted cash transfers and fuel-switching programs can effectively reduce political opposition and budgetary burdens, they require rigorous preparation and monitoring to avoid social conflict and implementation failures.

The report argues that biomass co-firing in East Java is plagued by economic failure, ecological damage, and illegal practices. It finds that Perum Perhutani's energy plantation forests (HTE) have caused significant economic losses for local farmers and are financially unviable for the company. Furthermore, it reveals that PLTU Paiton relies on sawdust from illegal sawmills, often involving stolen timber, and that some suppliers manipulate biomass weight by adding water with the complicity of plant officials. The report also notes that major wood pellet exporters, such as PT Kaliandra Merah Nusantara, primarily export to South Korea rather than supplying domestic power plants.

This report by Trend Asia, CELIOS, and CREA identifies the 20 most toxic coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in Indonesia, termed the "Toxic Twenty." It analyzes the severe public health, economic, and environmental costs associated with these facilities, arguing that current government retirement roadmaps are insufficient and often delayed by a reliance on unproven technologies like co-firing and CCS/CCUS. The report provides detailed case studies for several plants, documenting widespread respiratory illnesses, loss of traditional livelihoods in fisheries and agriculture, and significant negative impacts on regional GDP.

The report identifies the 'Toxic Twenty' coal-fired power plants in Indonesia, estimating that between 2026 and 2050, they will cause 156,000 premature deaths and USD 109 billion in health-related economic losses. It argues that these plants create a net economic drain, reducing regional GDP and destroying livelihoods in agriculture and fisheries, while criticizing the government's reliance on 'false solutions' like biomass co-firing to extend the life of fossil fuel infrastructure.