Meninjau ulang energi panas bumi: Antara solusi iklim dan risiko sosial-lingkungan

The report examines the expansion of geothermal energy in Indonesia, highlighting the role of the World Bank and Asian Development Bank in funding projects that mitigate corporate risk while shifting social and environmental burdens to local communities. It documents specific instances of water depletion, pollution, and human rights abuses, arguing for a 'Feminist Just Transition' to ensure climate justice.

• International Financial Institutions (IFIs) like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) have significantly accelerated geothermal expansion in Indonesia through risk mitigation and capacity loans. The World Bank approved a USD 325 million loan for the Geothermal Resource Risk Mitigation Project (GRRMP) in 2019, while the ADB provided USD 300 million to PT Geo Dipa Energi in 2020 and USD 180 million in 2025 for projects in Java, as well as USD 92.6 million for Supreme Energy Muara Laboh in West Sumatra.
• Geothermal operations cause severe water scarcity and contamination. At the 35 MW Ijen plant in East Java, daily water use reaches 6.5 million liters, causing local springs in Watu Capil, Margahayu, and Kebun Jeruk to become turbid and bitter. In Dieng, Central Java, fracking has introduced arsenic and boron into rivers, while in North Sulawesi, the ADB-funded Lahendong plant caused damage to Lake Linow, evidenced by the loss of biological indicator insects known as sayok and komo.
• Geothermal projects have led to fatal accidents and environmental disasters. In Sorik Marapi, North Sumatra, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas leaks since 2021 resulted in the deaths of five women in January 2021 and affected over 150 residents in 2022. In Mataloko, East Nusa Tenggara, a 1998 blowout created mudflows that continue to damage agricultural land.
• The transition to geothermal energy causes significant economic losses for farmers and exacerbates gender inequality. In East Nusa Tenggara (Wae Sano, Sakoria, and Ulumbu), geothermal development is projected to reduce farmer income by Rp470 billion (USD 27.56 million), with total economic losses potentially reaching Rp1.1 trillion (USD 64.5 million) in the first two years of operation. Women bear the heaviest burden as water and land scarcity force them to travel further for resources or migrate for work.
• Geothermal expansion threatens indigenous cultural heritage and is often enforced through legal intimidation and violence. Projects in Atadei (East Nusa Tenggara) and Gunung Rajabasa (Lampung) threaten traditional rituals and ancestral sites. Furthermore, Law No. 21 of 2014 allows for criminal charges and fines up to Rp70 billion for those obstructing exploration, as seen with residents of 15 villages at Gunung Gede. In Poco Leok, PLN teams used armed police and military escorts, leading to brutal clashes and arbitrary arrests.
• The report concludes that current funding models prioritize financial and geological risks over social and environmental ones, effectively subsidizing corporations while communities suffer. It advocates for a 'Feminist Just Transition' framework that shifts away from extractive, profit-oriented models toward a system involving meaningful participation from women and indigenous communities.

APA

Triasdian, B. (2026). Meninjau ulang energi panas bumi: Antara solusi iklim dan risiko sosial-lingkungan. Trend Asia. https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Geothermal_Indonesia_BAHASA.pdf

Chicago

Triasdian, Beyrra. Meninjau ulang energi panas bumi: Antara solusi iklim dan risiko sosial-lingkungan. Trend Asia, 2026. https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Geothermal_Indonesia_BAHASA.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Triasdian |first1=Beyrra |title=Meninjau ulang energi panas bumi: Antara solusi iklim dan risiko sosial-lingkungan |publisher=Trend Asia |date=April 2026 |url=https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Geothermal_Indonesia_BAHASA.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{triasdian2026meninjau, author = {Triasdian, Beyrra}, title = {{Meninjau ulang energi panas bumi: Antara solusi iklim dan risiko sosial-lingkungan}}, institution = {Trend Asia}, year = {2026}, month = apr, url = {https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Geothermal_Indonesia_BAHASA.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }