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This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the flow of public money in G20 countries that supports fossil fuel production and consumption. It argues that despite international commitments like the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals, G20 governments continue to provide substantial subsidies, credit support, and state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments to the fossil fuel sector. The document provides eight case studies of reforms in countries such as Indonesia, Canada, Argentina, and India, as well as the European Union, to illustrate how public resources can be shifted toward a low-carbon economy and sustainable development.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how G20 governments can reform public support for fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides eight case studies of reforms in consumption and production subsidies, public financing, and taxation, while offering a framework for transitioning public funds toward clean energy and social needs.

Commerzbank issued a EUR500m senior non-preferred green bond on 23-Oct-2018 to finance and refinance solar and wind energy projects. The issuance marked Commerzbank as the second commercial bank in Germany to enter the green bond market in 2018, contributing to a national cumulative total of USD32.1bn.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR 3 billion (USD 3.459 billion) sovereign green bond issued by Ireland's National Treasury Management Agency on October 17, 2018.

This fact sheet details a EUR 600 million green bond issued by Energias de Portugal Group (EDP) on October 12, 2018, marking the first green bond issuance in Portugal.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR 250 million green bond issued by DZ Bank on October 2, 2018, specifically to finance onshore wind energy production in Germany.

This fact sheet details a EUR 500 million green bond issued by Energie Baden-Württemberg AG (EnBW) on October 3, 2018, with a 15-year tenor and a coupon of 1.875 percent.

Encavis AG issued a EUR 50 million (USD 58 million) certified green Schuldschein on September 6, 2018, to finance the acquisition of solar parks.

This policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) argues that South Africa's development finance institutions (DFIs), specifically the IDC and DBSA, are constrained by their funding models and cannot sufficiently support labour-intensive manufacturing. The document proposes recapitalising these institutions with public funds, establishing an export-import (EXIM) bank, and adopting a funding model similar to Brazil's BNDES to drive job creation and industrial growth.

This policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) argues that South Africa's monetary policy is 'anti-developmental' because it prioritizes price stability and inflation targeting over growth and employment. The author contends that the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) relies on inappropriate tools, specifically interest rate manipulation, which discourages investment and contributes to de-industrialization and financialization. The brief proposes a fundamental shift toward a developmental monetary framework involving direct credit provision to productive sectors, the monetisation of fiscal operations, and closer coordination between the SARB and the National Treasury.

This fact sheet provides a global overview of high-speed rail (HSR) development, contrasting the extensive networks in Asia and Europe with the limited deployment in the United States. It details the history of HSR, the technical standards for speed, the economic and environmental benefits of rail over air and car travel, and the current status of projects in China, Japan, France, and the U.S.

This fact sheet details a EUR 500 million green bond issued by Svenska Handelsbanken on July 3, 2018, with a five-year tenor. The proceeds are allocated to renewable energy, clean transport, waste and water management, green buildings, and sustainable forestry.

This guide outlines the technical standards for commercial and residential buildings in Germany to be eligible as nominated use of proceeds in a Certified Climate Bond under the Climate Bonds Standard.

This briefing from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Directorate reports on the implementation of Decision XXV/28, which aims to enhance the capacity of IAI research projects to communicate scientific results to stakeholders and policy makers.

This fact sheet details a EUR 107 million green bond issued by Volkswagen Immobilien on May 2, 2018, specifically targeting residential buildings with high energy performance ratings.

BBVA issued a EUR1bn green bond on May 14, 2018, under its SDGs Framework, marking the first such issuance by a Spanish bank. The proceeds are primarily allocated to renewable energy (83%), with smaller portions for sustainable transport, water/waste management, and energy efficiency. The bond was oversubscribed, with an order book exceeding EUR3bn and 51% of allocation going to SRI investors, primarily from France and other European nations.

Paula Caballero, WRI's Climate Director, assesses the UN climate negotiations in Bonn, noting that while progress was made, significant work remains before COP24 in Katowice, Poland. She emphasizes the need for finalized Paris Agreement guidelines, strengthened national commitments by 2020, and increased support for developing countries.

This report by the NewClimate Institute analyzes how extending best practice policies across EU member states could enable the EU to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions of -55% to -62% below 1990 levels by 2030, aligning with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Indian School of Business examines the challenges of integrating high levels of renewable energy into India's power grid, specifically focusing on the need for system flexibility and the risk of coal-based assets becoming stranded. The authors propose that converting existing baseload coal plants into flexible plants is a cost-effective short-term solution to provide necessary operational reserves and mitigate financial risks for investors.

The report 'Coal To Clean' by Ember (May 2018) analyzes the UK's transition away from coal power, concluding that the country is on track to phase out coal by 2025 without the need for new large gas-fired power plants. It argues that renewables, interconnectors, and small peaking gas plants can provide the necessary capacity and backup, allowing the UK to avoid a 'gas bridge' and move directly toward clean power generation.