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The document argues that Indonesia must shift from carbon-intensive 'grey' infrastructure to sustainable solutions to meet its low-carbon development goals and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. It identifies key barriers to this transition, including a lack of bankable project pipelines, inadequate valuation methods that ignore ESG risks, and a mismatch between infrastructure and budget planning. The author recommends adopting integrated planning, utilizing the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology to quantify externalities, and establishing project preparation facilities to attract private investment. The brief also highlights international examples from Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saint Lucia, and South Africa to illustrate successful sustainable infrastructure strategies.

The assessment finds that the Kakono Hydropower Plant (HPP) is the most sustainable and cost-effective energy option for northwestern Tanzania, demonstrating high climate resilience and the highest net societal benefits. Compared to a utility-scale diesel plant and a gas-solar PV portfolio, the HPP offers the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and the most attractive net present value (NPV), particularly when environmental and social externalities are internalized. While the HPP causes some habitat loss and carbon emissions during construction and reservoir operation, these are offset by significant employment generation and the avoidance of high fossil fuel emissions. The report concludes that the HPP is a viable investment for multilateral banks like the African Development Bank, provided that mitigation strategies for GHG emissions and habitat loss are implemented.

The Powering Healthcare Solutions Catalogue provides a directory of companies offering off-grid energy systems and medical appliances for low-income regions. It highlights a variety of technical solutions, including plug-and-play systems, containerized microgrids, and solar-powered medical equipment, aimed at improving healthcare delivery in areas with unreliable electricity, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

The document details a modeling framework combining EnergyPATHWAYS (EP) for demand-side stock accounting and the Regional Investment and Operations (RIO) model for supply-side least-cost optimization. It outlines nine scenarios for the U.S. energy transition, including a 'Zero CO2 2050' case and various electric vehicle (EV) adoption speeds. The methodology emphasizes high temporal and spatial resolution, co-optimizing electricity and fuel systems to meet economy-wide emissions constraints.

Okra Solar provides modular, plug-and-play mesh-grid hardware and software that allows energy developers to deploy power rapidly and scale as demand grows. By utilizing rooftop installations and interlinked systems, the company aims to bypass land permit barriers and reduce distribution costs. A pilot project in Cambodia demonstrated the model's efficacy, energizing 140 households within two months of contract award using a 48.8kWp PV system. The company currently operates in Cambodia, The Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Haiti, with a target of reaching 10,000 connections within 12 months.

The report argues that stopping the expansion of fossil fuels is insufficient to meet the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement; instead, an active wind-down of existing production is required. It proposes specific annual decline rates for coal (9.5%), oil (8.5%), and gas (3.5%) between 2021 and 2030. The authors conclude that this transition is technically feasible because global solar and wind potential could meet primary energy demand more than 50 times over, ensuring 100% energy access without risking energy security.

The document evaluates green technologies for urban food production in Cape Town, categorising them into incremental and transformational levels based on Gliessman’s framework. It analyzes the financial viability of hydroponics, aquaponics, and complete Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems, while also identifying investment opportunities for different farm scales, from community gardens to large-scale commercial operations.

The document examines the transition of the mining sector from diesel and grid power to renewable energy (RE), primarily solar PV and wind. It argues that while RE has high initial capital expenditure, it offers lower long-term operating costs and provides a hedge against volatile fuel prices. The paper highlights the role of hybrid systems and energy storage in overcoming the intermittency of RE to meet the constant baseload demands of mines. It also explores the potential for portable RE systems for exploration sites and the use of rehabilitated mine land for utility-scale RE generation.

The document examines the social, economic, and environmental challenges of urbanization in Sweden and highlights specific municipal projects focused on energy efficiency, low-carbon transport, and nature-based solutions. It emphasizes the role of cities in achieving net-zero emissions by 2045 and the use of green bonds to finance these transitions.

The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) GCF Programme establishes a strategic framework for climate mitigation and adaptation, focusing on decarbonizing energy, waste management, resilient infrastructure, food security, and water security. RMI aims for net-zero emissions by 2050 and has set ambitious NDC targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and 45% by 2030. The programme identifies specific pipeline projects, such as solar generation on Wotje and Jaluit Atolls and coastal adaptation works, while addressing existential threats like sea-level rise and extreme droughts. It emphasizes the need for international funding to implement science-informed policies and protect vulnerable coastal communities.

The research utilizes user journey mapping to analyze the experiences of household and business users of a 6 kW solar PV mini-grid in northwestern Tanzania. The study concludes that a single value proposition is insufficient for diverse user groups and emphasizes the importance of expectation management and continuous engagement to prevent service disuse or 'energy stacking'.

The Mátra Power Plant in northern Hungary is implementing a strategy to phase out lignite by 2029 by integrating solar PV, biomass, and a green industrial park. This approach aims to preserve between 6,800 and 10,000 direct and indirect jobs in a region with lower-than-average GDP. While the plant has successfully installed over 40 MW of solar PV and established an industrial park with 23 firms, it faces challenges including financial losses due to EU CO2 prices, a reliance on EU subsidies for restructuring, and a lack of documented training plans for transitioning coal workers.

Mexico has rapidly increased its solar and wind capacity to meet climate goals, but this expansion has faced significant social conflict. While the 2013-2014 Energy Reform introduced compulsory social impact assessments and consultation requirements to protect Indigenous rights, implementation gaps persist. Many communities report inadequate consultations and a lack of local benefit, leading to project delays and legal challenges, such as the 2020 Supreme Court ruling voiding permits for the Yucatán Solar Park.

The Ethiopia Electric Utility (EEU) is working to increase women's representation in the electricity sector, targeting 30% female employment by 2023. These efforts include STEM scholarships, internships, the establishment of childcare centers, and the creation of policies to combat sexual harassment and gender-based violence. The program is supported by a $4.5 million allocation within the Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP), funded by the World Bank and other grants.

The research paper proposes a comprehensive policy pathway for the United States to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 and a 50% reduction in GHGs by 2030. Using the U.S. Energy Policy Simulator, the authors argue that a small group of targeted policies—specifically a clean electricity standard, zero-emission vehicle mandates, and building electrification—can drive this transition. The analysis suggests that this pathway would not only meet climate goals but also expand the U.S. GDP by $920 billion by 2050 and create nearly 5 million new job-years, while significantly reducing premature deaths and respiratory illnesses due to the phase-out of fossil fuels.

The report evaluates the Paterson Park Precinct's building infrastructure in Johannesburg, comparing a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario with a green building scenario across different climate pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). Using the SAVi tool and Copernicus Climate Change Service data, the analysis finds that green buildings significantly reduce life-cycle costs through lower energy and maintenance expenditures and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change primarily increases energy costs and GHG emissions for both scenarios, though the green design remains more cost-effective. Additionally, the report identifies solar PV installations as a highly profitable investment in South Africa, particularly when accounting for electricity price inflation.

The project in Malenville, Benin, involves a 450 kWp roof-mounted photovoltaic solar power plant integrated with a Cegasa High Energy Storage solution. The system utilizes lithium LFP batteries with a storage capacity of 484 kWh (672 Vdc) to ensure a reliable power supply for the Juxtaposed Control Stations at the Benin-Niger border post, addressing the challenges of an underdeveloped local grid.

Ryse Energy deployed a hybrid renewable mini-grid in Ada Foah, Ghana, consisting of wind turbines, solar arrays, and battery storage. Originally intended only for agricultural output, the project scope expanded to provide electricity for a community of approximately 500 people. Funded by a EUR 180,000 United Nations grant, the system generates over 316 kWh/day, avoids 85 metric tonnes of CO2 annually, and supports water pumping and irrigation.

The document examines how solar photovoltaics, batteries, and information and communications technology can revolutionize food production and address structural rural development challenges. It specifically highlights the role of solar-powered irrigation and the feasibility of solar-powered electric cookers in Kenya to improve gender equality and social inclusion.

The Vanuatu GCF Country Program outlines a strategic approach to climate transformation, identifying key vulnerabilities, policy gaps, and a prioritised portfolio of project ideas. It emphasizes a shift from top-down interventions to demand-driven, community-led solutions involving the private sector and civil society. The program categorizes project ideas into Pipeline A (high priority for 2019-2020) and Pipeline B, covering sectors such as water security, climate-resilient agriculture, renewable energy, and coastal protection, with a total estimated grant requirement of over 710 million USD.