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This briefing note from the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the concept of loss and damage in climate change policy, distinguishing between scientific grounding and political interpretations within the UNFCCC framework.

South Africa's 2nd Biennial Update Report (BUR-2) provides a comprehensive overview of the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2000 to 2012, its mitigation strategies, and the financial and technical support received to transition toward a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy by 2030.

This report describes the 'Watershared' model of reciprocal watershed agreements, a grassroots approach to incentive-based conservation used in Latin America. Unlike national Payment for Environmental Services (PES) schemes, Watershared relies on local negotiations, social norms, and non-economic incentives to encourage upstream landowners to protect forests that ensure water security for downstream users.

This toolkit provides guidance for the private sector in Bangladesh on how to access and engage with the Green Climate Fund (GCF), specifically through the Private Sector Facility (PSF). It outlines the accreditation process for becoming a National Implementing Entity (NIE), the role of executing entities, and the available readiness and capacity support.

This case study describes 'Watershared' (reciprocal watershed agreements), a grassroots, incentive-based conservation model used in Latin America to promote sustainable forest and water management through local negotiations and economic incentives.

This policy brief, produced by Acclimatise, IIED, and ICCCAD with CDKN support, analyzes the role of the private sector in climate compatible development (CCD) in Bangladesh. It highlights the economic risks of climate change, the potential for private sector investment via the Green Climate Fund, and the systemic barriers hindering private sector engagement.

This document is a reproduction of a lecture delivered by Simon Maxwell, Executive Chairman of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), at the Centre for Policy Dialogue in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in January 2016. The lecture explores whether a pathway exists to simultaneously eradicate poverty and eliminate emissions, arguing that the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement necessitate a fundamental economic and social transformation.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates the role of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) within the evolving global climate finance landscape. It assesses the CIF's comparative advantage against other multilateral funds, such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and recommends maintaining the CIF's operations to bridge investment gaps and support the implementation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

This report examines the role of gender in climate compatible development through a case study of the 'People’s Plans into Practice' (PPP) project in Kisumu, Kenya, focusing on how gender-sensitive approaches influence empowerment and adaptation in urban settings.

This policy brief by Practical Action examines the necessity of gender-sensitive approaches to climate compatible development in India, specifically highlighting the distinct vulnerabilities and requirements of urban settings compared to rural contexts.

This working paper by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) examines the challenges and opportunities in financing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in developing countries. It identifies a significant gap between the demand for NAMA financing and the available supply of dedicated funds, while highlighting barriers such as narrow donor focus, lack of financial planning expertise, and misalignment with multilateral development banks. The paper suggests that integrating NAMA pipelines with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a critical path forward for scaling up mitigation finance.

This briefing paper by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the conditionality of the 156 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted to the UNFCCC by the end of COP 21 in December 2015.

Dr. Daniel A. Reifsnyder, former Co-Chair of the Ad Hoc Group on the Durban Platform (ADP), describes the negotiating process and key features of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. He details the transition from the 2012 Durban decision to the final adoption of the agreement on December 12, 2015, emphasizing the importance of a "Party-driven" process and the role of the October 5 non-paper as a template for the final deal.

This research paper evaluates the role and effectiveness of international development partners in financing climate mitigation and adaptation within Indonesia's land use sectors. It analyzes finance flows from 2011, identifying a heavy reliance on grants and a focus on capacity building, while noting that international contributions are significantly smaller than domestic funding.

This report examines the business case for the private sector in Bangladesh to invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation, specifically focusing on how to access the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It identifies significant market opportunities in energy, agriculture, insurance, and financial services, while highlighting systemic barriers such as information gaps and lack of concessional finance.

This briefing by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) outlines the political and economic requirements for countries to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris climate agreement. It emphasizes the need for 'climate compatible development' that balances emission reductions with poverty eradication and sustainable development, particularly in developing nations.

This policy brief examines the role of the private sector in Climate Compatible Development (CCD) in Bangladesh, identifying barriers to engagement and the potential for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to unlock private investment in adaptation and mitigation.

The 'GREEN FINANCE: GREEN BOND DIRECTIONS COP22 Highlights' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative details the rapid growth of the green bond market in 2016, emphasizing its role in funding climate mitigation and adaptation to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the emergence of China as a dominant market, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual issuance by 2020 to substantively address climate change.

This research paper outlines methods and options for assessing the ambition of mitigation commitments, specifically focusing on Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and their integration into the UNFCCC process.

This report synthesizes research on design options for mitigation commitments in the new global climate agreement being negotiated for 2020, focusing on participation, commitment types, ambition guidance, and transparency.